AUGUSTE FREDERIC LOUIS VIETTE DE, Duc de Raguse, Marshal of France, was born at Chatillon-sur-Seine on the 20th July 1774. At the age of fifteen he entered the army as sub-lieutenant of infantry, and in 1792 passed with the same rank into the artillery. In the following year his skill and bravery before Toulon introduced him to the notice of Bonaparte, and laid the foundation of his fortunes. He was promoted to the rank of captain in 1794, and having entered the army of the Rhine in 1795, he showed great valour at the blockade of Mayence. He then accompanied Napoleon as his principal aide-de-camp in the Italian campaign of 1796; and by his brave and skilful conduct at Lodi, Castiglione, and Saint Georges, earned his promotion to the rank of colonel, and the distinction of being sent to Paris with the captured colours. His rise became more rapid amid the toils and perils of the Egyptian expedition in 1798. For the part he acted during the capture of Malta he was created a general of brigade; and after he had distinguished himself at the battle of the Pyramids, he was appointed commander of Alexandria. He returned with Bonaparte to France in 1799, and was a zealous supporter of that general on the day of the 18th Brumaire. Shortly after this he was appointed a councillor of state and commander-in-chief of the reserve of the artillery. In this latter capacity he superintended the famous crossing of the Great St Bernard in the spring of 1800. His important share in the victory of Marengo, which was gained in the following June, raised him to the rank of a general of division. Appointed commander of the army in Dalmatia in 1806, Marmont defeated the Montenegrins, Greeks, and Russians, at Castel-Novo, and governed the duchy with so much tact and success, that he received the title of Duke de Raguse in 1808. In the following year he was summoned by Napoleon to assist in the war against Austria, and won his marshal's baton on the battle-field of Wagram. The organization of the Illyrian provinces was a result of that decisive victory, and Marmont was appointed their governor. From this office he was called in 1811 to supersede Massena in the command of the army in Portugal. There his administration was characterized by his usual ability, but not by his usual success. He was defeated by Wellington at the battle of Salamanca in 1812, and escheched by wounds and fatigue, he was forced to return to Paris. Summoned into action once more in 1813, Marmont fought at Lutzen, Bautzen, and Wurtzen; and while covering the retreat of the French after the disastrous battle of Leipzig, he was again wounded. In 1814, with a comparatively small force, he resisted for several hours the entrance of the allies into Paris, and not until he was nearly overborne by the numbers of the enemy did he agree to evacuate the city. Yet so much odium did he incur on account of this capitulation, that he was excepted by name from the general amnesty which Napoleon proclaimed on his return from Elba. Marmont accordingly retired to Aix-la-Chapelle during the Hundred Days, and did not return to Paris until after the battle of Waterloo. He was then nominated a major-general of the royal guard; and in 1817 he was commissioned as the king's lieutenant to allay an insurrection in Lyons. About this period he retired into the country, and devoted himself to agricultural pursuits until 1825, when he was despatched as ambassador extraordinary to congratulate Nicholas on his accession to the throne of Russia. During the Revolution he commanded, though very unwillingly, the king's troops. Having thus become the object of popular indignation, he was driven into exile on the expulsion of Charles X., and his name was struck off from the list of marshals. He latterly devoted much attention to the study of the military systems of different countries. Part of his information on this subject he published in his Esprit des Institutions Militaires, Paris, 1845. He died at Venice in 1852. Two volumes of his Memoirs, written by himself, were lately published in Paris.