or Mareschal (marescallus), primarily denotes an officer who had the charge or the command of horses, and from the importance of such an office, ultimately became invested with great military authority. The title of Marshal of England, formerly passed by grant from the king, has been hereditary in the family of the Duke. of Norfolk since 1672. The earliest marshals on record are those of William the Conqueror, viz., William Fitz-Osborne and Roger de Montgomery. The earl marshal holds the eighth rank among the great officers of state in England, and exercises the same authority over the Court of Chivalry which the constable and marshal together formerly possessed. In Scotland the office of earl marshal has never been out of the family of Keith. The Marshal of the King's Household hears and determines pleas of the Crown; and the Marshal of the King's Bench has the custody of the King's Bench Prison, Southwark, or of the Marshalsea, as it is thence called. The Marshal of France is the highest military rank in the French army, as that of Field-Marshal is in our own.