a town of Spain, province of Jaen, stands on the slope of a steep hill, which is surmounted by a ruined castle, 16 miles W.S.W. of Jaen. The streets are steep, narrow, crooked, and unpaved; but there are some handsome public buildings, including several churches, chapels, and convents, town-house, prison, hospital, theatre, and orphan asylum. It is a place of resort on account of its mineral waters; and it has two bathing establishments. Pop. about 10,000.

Ivan Petrovich, an eminent sculptor, sometimes called "The Canova of Russia," was born about 1755 at Itchinia in Little Russia. He removed at an early age to St Petersburg; and in course of time his works had attained so high a position that he was sent as a pensioner to Rome, where he sojourned for three years, zealously studying his art, and cultivating an intimacy with the famous painters Raphael Mengs and Pompeo Batoni. On his return to his native country, he was employed by government in adorning the principal cities of Russia with monuments of eminent men. Accordingly, he executed a colossal group in bronze of Minin and Pozharski at Moscow, and erected a monument to the Emperor Alexander at Taganrog, to the Duke of Richelieu at Odessa, to Lomonozov at Archangel, and to Potemkin at Kherson. Martos was for many years director of the Academy of Fine Arts in St Petersburg. He died in that city in April 1835. The chief excellence in the works of Martos is the simple and natural drapery of his figures. He also surpassed his contemporaries in subjects of bas-relief.