CAESAR JULIUS VERUS, a Roman emperor, was originally a Thracian shepherd, was invested with the purple by the mutinous soldiers a.d. 235, and was murdered by his insurgent army a.d. 238. (See Roman History.)

GALERIUS VALENIUS, a Roman emperor, was originally an Illyrian shepherd, shared the empire with Licinius a.d. 311, and died a.d. 314. (See Roman History.)