ANDRE, a botanist, was born in 1746 at Sartory, near Versailles, and studied under Lemmonier the astronomer and Jussieu the botanist. In 1779 he travelled in England, from which country he introduced into France several new varieties of trees and shrubs; and in 1780 he explored the hills of Auvergne and the Pyrenees, and brought from Spain several sorts of grain, which were sent to the Jardin des Plantes at Paris. In 1782 he was sent by the Count of Provence, afterwards Louis XVIII., to Persia; but arriving there during a period of civil war, he was plundered by the Arabs of all but his books. Having obtained from the British consul at Bassora the means to continue his journey, he proceeded to Isphahan, where he cured the Persian monarch of a dangerous disease; and after spending two years in different parts of Persia, he was recalled, and returned to France with a fine herbarium and many valuable kinds of seed. In 1785 he was sent by the government to North America, where he travelled through a great part of the country, from Hudson's Bay to Florida, and from the Atlantic to the Mississippi. The French revolution, however, deprived him of the funds he had formerly received from the government; and his own means were soon exhausted, so that he was obliged to return to France. On his homeward voyage he was shipwrecked, and only escaped with his life and four boxes of specimens. He arrived in Paris in 1796; and notwithstanding the justice of his claims, the Directory gave him but a small indemnification for his losses, and that not till after three years of anxious expectation. But Michaux was able to bear the privations of poverty and neglect with the same patience and perseverance with which he had endured the hardships of his former adventurous life. He lived on the same coarse fare, and slept on the same bear-skin, in the midst of the luxury of Paris, as in the deserts and ruins of the East, or in the prairies and forests of the West. In 1800 he went to Madagascar, where he died in 1802. Michaux was the author of several books, of which the principal are,—Histoire des Chênes de l'Amérique Septentrionale, Paris, 1801; and Flora Borealis Americana, Paris, 1803.