a town of Asiatic Turkey, capital of a pashalic of the same name, is situated on the right bank of the Tigris, 220 miles N.W. of Baghdad. It is surrounded by walls; but these, as well as a castle which stands on an artificial island in the Tigris, and the best buildings of the town, are in a very dilapidated condition; while the whole place is very low, and fast-declining in internal prosperity and commercial importance. The streets are narrow, irregular, and crowded with beggars. The houses, which are built of stone or brick, have in general vaulted roofs surrounded by flat terraces. The streets of the town are but little raised above the level of the Tigris, and they are thus often laid under water when the river is in flood. The town contains numerous mosques (some of which are of great beauty), a college, coffee-houses, baths, khans, and bazaars. The climate is mild, but occasionally very hot in summer; and though it is in general considered a healthy place, Mosul has several times been exposed to the ravages of pestilence. There are several hot sulphur springs in the neighbourhood of the town, which are much resorted to, from their medicinal qualities. Mosul was formerly celebrated for the manufacture of muslin, which derives its name from the town; but the only manufactures now carried on are those of cotton fabrics, shawls, calicoes, &c. A considerable transit trade is carried on through Mosul between Constantinople, Syria, Baghdad, and the interior of Kurdistan. Pop. estimated at 40,000.