a municipal borough and market-town of England, county of Berks, on the right bank of the Kennet, 16 miles W. by S. of Reading, and 56 W. by S. of London. The river is here crossed by a stone bridge of three arches; and the town, which is well built, has two principal streets, which are broad, and arranged in the form of the letter T. There is a large market-place in front of the parish church, which is a large but plain stone building of the age of Henry VII. The town contains also places of worship for Wesleyan Methodists, Independents, Baptists, Quakers, and Unitarians, and a new Episcopal church has recently been erected in the Gothic style. There is also in Newbury a substantial town-hall, jail, almshouses, large workhouse, dispensary, literary institution with library, and several schools. The Kennet supplies water-power for several large cornmills in the town and neighbourhood; and there are also silk and paper mills, malthouses, and breweries, in and about Newbury. The manufacture of woollen cloth was formerly carried on to a much more considerable extent than at present; and the place was of much importance in the days of posting, from its position on the road to Bath. It is now connected with the metropolis by a branch of the Great Western Railway. Some trade is carried on in malt and flour; and horse and cattle fairs are held thrice a year. Two engagements were fought here during the civil war in 1643 and 1644, in both cases with doubtful issue. Dunnington Castle, not far from Newbury, to the N.W., was the property of Chaucer the poet, who is believed to have spent there the last years of his life. Pop. (1851) 6574.