BARTOLOMEO, a Roman cardinal and statesman, was born of a noble family at Benevento in 1756. After studying in his native town, he repaired to Rome, and entering the church, was speedily recognised as a candidate for promotion. From 1786 to 1800 he held the office of papal nuncio at Cologne and Lisbon in succession; in 1801 a cardinal's hat was conferred upon him; and in 1808 Pius VII. made him his prime minister. The destiny of Pacca now became intimately connected with that of the supreme pontiff. He was the pope's accomplice in drawing up the bull which excommunicated Napoleon in 1809; he was consigned for this offence to the dungeon of Fenestrelle, at the same time that his master was imprisoned at Fontainebleau; and he shared in the honours of the pontiff's triumphal return to Rome in 1814. Such a severely-tried fidelity was rewarded by Pius VII. with ever-increasing confidence and regard. The cardinal continued to hold in succession several high civil offices till 1821, when he retired from public life. The rest of his days were chiefly devoted to literary pursuits. He died at Rome in 1844. The Historical Memoirs of Cardinal Pacca have been translated into English by Sir G. Head, in 2 vols. 8vo.