Euxine, and on the S. by Galatia. The physical character of the district was not very favourable. The Olgassys, and another parallel mountain-chain, ran from E. to W., sending off many branches; the soil, especially in the south, was cambered by large primeval forests, and the rivers were small, and had short courses. The country, however, was celebrated in the earliest times for the fine breed of horses that were reared in its pastures, and in later times for the beasts of chase that roamed through its wilds. All that is known of the history of the Paphlagonians consists of little else than mere notices of their subjugation by the great powers that successively ruled the destinies of Asia Minor. After living for many ages under native princes, they were first reduced by Croesus, King of Lydia. On the fall of that monarch, their country was incorporated with the empire of Cyrus. They freed themselves from the Persian yoke only to come in course of time, along with Pontus and Cappadocia, under the power of Eumenes, one of the generals of Alexander. Then, after again enjoying an interval of independence under the government of native princes, they were again subjugated by Mithridates the Great. From the dominion of Mithridates their kingdom eventually passed into the hands of the Romans. Paphlagonia formed part of the province of Galatia, until, in the reign of Constantine, it was constituted a separate province. The chief towns on the coast were Sinope (Sinab), Cytorus, and Amastris (Amaserah). Those inland were Pompeipolis and Gangra.the name of two ancient cities of Cyprus which were situated on the S.W. coast of the island. Old Paphos stood on a height about 10 stadia from the shore, and was said to have been founded by Cinyras, the father of Adonis. It was famous throughout the ancient world, and celebrated by the ancient poets on account of its association with the name of Venus. There the goddess is said to have come on shore immediately after she had started into life out of the sea; and there her worship is supposed to have been set up by the Phoenicians. There also were her grave and altar, which are mentioned in the Odyssey; her spacious temple, which is still seen in ruins; and her image, which was nothing else than a white, twisted, pyramidal stone. About 60 stadia N.W. from Old Paphos was New Paphos (modern Pafos). It stood upon the sea; and was said to have been founded after the destruction of Troy by Agapenor, the leader of the Arcadians. Although, like its more ancient namesake, it was the seat of the worship of Venus, it was best known for its good harbour. It is also notable as the place where Paul struck Elymas the Sorcerer with blindness. (See BAFFA.)