a distinguished Macedonian general, was born about 400 B.C. He had attained a mature age when he began to play a prominent part in the service of Philip of Macedon. At that time the king received him into his confidence as his favourite counsellor both in peace and war. Several important enterprises were also conducted by him in the course of the reign. In 356 B.C. he routed the Illyrians in a great battle; in 342 B.C. he successfully upheld, at the head of an army, the Macedonian influence in Euboea; and in 336 B.C. he was appointed one of the commanders of the force that was sent to secure a footing in Asia, and to prepare for the future reduction of that country. Still greater was the importance of Parmenio after the death of Philip, and the accession of Alexander, in 336 B.C. At the council table the advice of the veteran general, though sometimes too tame for the wild genius of the young conqueror, was always heard with deference. In the field he was virtually second in command. He led on the left wing of the army at the battles of the Granicus, Issus, and Arbela; and he was entrusted with the important task of completing the subjugation of Media, while the king himself continued the pursuit of Darius into the wastes of Parthia and Hyrcania. This was the last appointment that Parmenio received. The faithful general, after he had grown gray in the service of Alexander and his father, and had lost two sons in this same expedition, was now to be rewarded with the most cruel ingratitude. His only surviving son Philotas, who had gone forward in the division of the army under Alexander, was arraigned for conspiring against the king's life. For lack of evidence, torture was applied; and a confession was wrung from him which implicated his father. Alexander, on this slight ground, and in a spirit of selfish policy, resolved to rid himself of Parmenio. Accordingly a message was despatched to Media; and the unsuspecting old man, while conversing with his officers, was stabbed by Cleander, in 330 B.C.