Ivan Fiodorovitch, Field-Marshal, Prince of Warsaw, Viceroy of Poland, and General-in-Chief of the Russian army, was born at Paltowa on the 12th May 1782, and was appointed at an early age aide-de-camp to the Emperor Paul. The first part of his career was one continued series of arduous campaigns and hot engagements. He began service in the terrible field of Austerlitz in 1805. Then he served from 1807 to 1812 in the army which acted against Turkey. No sooner was that expedition ended than the war with France involved him in the very thick of the most desperate of modern struggles. He fought at the battles of Dachkofka, Soul-tanofka, Smolensk, and Moskva, in 1812; at the battles of Kulm, Dresden, and Leipzig, in 1813; and at the battle of Arcis-sur-Aube, in 1814. Out of that long course of deadly strife fortune brought Paskiewitch with safety and honour. She was reserving him for more successful achievements. Appointed to the command of the army of the Caucasus, he won a diamond-mounted sword by his victory at Elizavetopol in 1826, the surname of Erivansky by his storming of Erivan in 1827; and the dignity of field-marshal by his capture of Erzeroum in 1829. Entrusted in 1831 with the suppression of the revolt in Poland, he dispersed the Poles, carried their capital, and was rewarded with the titles of Prince of Warsaw and Viceroy of Poland. Sent also in 1849 to assist Austria in crushing the Hungarians, he was soon able to write home to the emperor in these words: "Hungary is at your feet." Success, however, deserted Paskiewitch at last. He was repulsed by the Turks at Silistria in 1854, and received a contusion at the same time which compelled him to retire from service, and eventually caused his death on the 29th January 1856.