an independent state on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula, lies between Kedah on the N., and Sangalore on the S. It is watered by a river of the same name; and is partly mountainous, and partly consists of rich alluvial plains. There are valuable tin mines, producing upwards of 3600 cwt. of tin annually. Gold is also obtained by washing in many of the streams. The country was at one time subject to Siam, but is now governed by a sultan of its own. The population is estimated at 35,000 Malays, exclusive of the aboriginal tribes in the interior.