the name of three kings of Macedonia. The first is supposed by Herodotus to have been the founder of the monarchy; the second was the son and successor of Alexander I.; and the third was the son of Amyntas II., and the successor of his brother, Alexander II. (See Macedon.)

of the most distinguished of the generals of Alexander the Great. (See Macedon.)

PEREIRA, Jonathan, a distinguished pharmacologist, was born on the 22d of May 1804 in the parish of Shoreditch, London. Passing from a classical academy, Queen Street, Finsbury, where he had received his preliminary education, he was at the age of fifteen articled to a navy surgeon in the City Road. In 1821 his apprenticeship was brought to a termination, and he entered as a student at the Aldersgate General Dispensary, and at St Bartholomew's Hospital. At these institutions he had an opportunity of devoting himself with ardour to those studies which he had prosecuted with so much zeal in private during the years of his apprenticeship. In 1823 Pereira obtained the appointment of apothecary at the Aldersgate Street Dispensary, and began to give lessons to Pereira had just completed his twenty-first year when, in 1825, he was made lecturer on chemistry at the Aldersgate Street Dispensary; and three years afterwards he commenced a course of lectures on his favourite subject of Materia Medica. As a scientific teacher he soon attained an extensive popularity, and his class became the largest of the kind in London. He resigned his office of apothecary in 1832, married, and established himself in general practice in Aldersgate Street. In the winter of the same year he was elected professor of Materia Medica in the New Medical School in Aldersgate Street, and was made lecturer on chemistry at the London Hospital. To pave the way for his great work, *The Elements of Materia Medica*, on which he was then busily engaged, Pereira published his lectures on that subject in the *Medical Gazette* for 1835–6–7, which contributed greatly to raise his reputation both at home and abroad. His *Elements* appeared in 1839–40; and about the same time he was appointed examiner in Materia Medica at the London university. He was chosen assistant physician to the London Hospital in 1841, having previously become a licentiate by examination of the College of Physicians, and having obtained the degree of M.D. from the university of Erlangen. On the opening of the School of Pharmacy in 1842, Dr Pereira delivered two lectures at that institution "On the Elementary Composition of Food," which he subsequently amplified into *A Treatise on Food and Diet*. In 1843 he published his *Lectures on Polarized Light*; and during the same year became professor of Materia Medica to the Pharmaceutical Society, a position which he continued to occupy till 1851. The greater number of Pereira's valuable contributions to the *Pharmaceutical Journal* were made at this period. In 1845 he was elected a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, and shortly afterwards was appointed curator of the museum of that institution. His death, which took place on the 20th of January 1853, in the forty-ninth year of his age, was caused by the rupture of a blood-vessel about the heart, induced by the effects of a severe fall. As an authority in Materia Medica, Dr Pereira had few equals in Europe.