a Persian satrap, succeeded his father Pharnaces, in the government of the Persian provinces near the Hellespont. He first appears in history as a devoted ally of the Spartans during the Peloponnesian war. His troops assisted them in capturing Abydos and Lampsacus in 411 B.C.; his aid was effectual in sheltering them after their defeat at Cyzicus in 410 B.C.; and for his attachment to their cause his province was ravaged by Alcibiades in 409 B.C. Yet, after a lapse of time, the course of events placed Pharnabazus in hostile opposition to his former friends. In 396 B.C. he defeated an invading Spartan force under Agisilaus II. In the following year he was routed in turn by that monarch. The conflict thickened immediately afterwards, when the Athenian Conon came to his aid. The two leaders in command of a fleet scoured the Aegean, expelling the Lacedemonians from the maritime towns, until, in 393 B.C., they had overwhelmed all resistance. The rest of the life of Pharnabazus is involved in considerable obscurity. His unsuccessful expedition into Egypt, in conjunction with the Athenian general Iphicrates, in 377 B.C., is the last action of his on record.