(Turkish Fildiye or Felide), a town of European Turkey, in the province of Rumilia, on the Maritza, 86 miles W.N.W. of Adrianople. It stands in a beautiful and fertile region, producing wine and rice; and contains fine mosques, caravanserais, khans, and numerous public baths. Leather, silk, and cotton fabrics are manufactured here. Philippopolis is the chief place of trade for the northern provinces of Turkey. The Maritza is navigable up to this town. A few remains of antiquity are still to be seen here; and the old church is pointed out in which Paul is said to have preached. The ancient town was founded by Philip, the father of Alexander the Great; but it afterwards fell into the hands of the Thracians, who retained it until the Roman conquest. It was almost destroyed by an earthquake in 1818, and again laid waste by a terrible conflagration in 1846. About half of the inhabitants are Greeks. Pop. 30,000.