or REVAL (Esth. Talline, Russ. Kolgryn), a seaport of European Russia, capital of the government of Esthonia, on a bay of the same name, on the S. coast of the Gulf of Finland, 200 miles W.S.W. of St Petersburg. It consists of an upper and a lower town; the former, on a steep rocky eminence, contains the cathedral and castle, and is encircled with walls and towers. This is the best quarter, and in it are most of the houses of the nobility. In the lower town the streets are narrow and irregular, but many of the houses are well built of brick. Revel has also two suburbs. The cathedral is an edifice of an incongruous architectural character, with a lofty and elegant tower, and contains many interesting tombs. In the same part of the town stands the hall of the nobility, where the Dicts of Esthonia used to assemble. The church of St Olai, recently rebuilt, after a conflagration in 1820, contains many relics, including the archives and library, of a much higher antiquity, the original having been built in 1329. It is the cathedral church of the lower town, and is in the early Gothic style, with beautiful lancet windows. St Nicholas is another large church, with a massive square tower, and contains many antique monuments and works of art. The oldest church in the town, however, is the Esthonian, which is mentioned as early as 1284. A modernized town-house, the admiralty, and several guild-halls for the various corporations, the chief being that of the Black Heads (Schwarzen Haupfer), a once famous club of merchants for the defence of the city, are among the public buildings. For education there is a gymnasium, founded by Gustavus Adolphus, and various other schools; also public libraries, a theatre, hospital, &c. The imperial palace of Catherinenthal, founded by Peter the Great, and bequeathed by him to Revel, is a favourite resort of the townsfolk during the summer. The manufactures of the place include leather, cotton goods, hosiery, hats, earthenware, mirrors, &c. The trade, though still considerable, both by sea and land, has within the last twenty years greatly fallen off, being transferred to St Petersburg and Riga, or even to Pernau and Libau. Revel was once one of the most flourishing of the Hanse towns. It has large and excellent harbours for merchantmen and men-of-war, the latter occupied by a division of the Russian Baltic fleet. On the island Nargen, at the entrance of the harbour, stands a lighthouse. Revel was founded about 1218 by Valdemar II. of Denmark; and afterwards, along with Esthonia, it belonged to Sweden, Brandenburg, and the Teutonic knights, and to Peter the Great. Pop. (1855) 27,905.

a town of France, department of Haute-Garonne, 29 miles E.S.E. of Toulouse, on a hill overlooking a beautiful and fertile country. It has manufactures of linen and cotton cloth, hosiery, hats, leather, tiles, &c. Pop. 5960.