the name ordinarily employed by literary usage to designate that species of periodical publication containing a collection of critical essays. The first review, properly so called, was the Journal des Savans, commenced at Paris on the 30th May 1665. The most noted modern French journals of this class are the Revue Francaise and Des Deux Mondes. The French "revues" are conducted on a different plan from the English. With the former the form of a review is not preserved, tales, poetry, &c., being admitted indiscriminately; and the name of the contributor must be attached. The first publication of this kind in England was the Monthly Review, begun in 1749. However, it was reserved for the Edinburgh Review, commenced in 1802, and the Quarterly, in 1809, to inaugurate a new era in criticism. Since the beginning almost of the present century the review has been the favourite organ of all sects and parties for disseminating their peculiar views on religion, politics, or literature. For the most part, the leading reviews appear quarterly, although the tendency seems to be increasing of having monthly, or in some cases weekly reviews. A good specimen of the latter species of journal is to be had in the Saturday Review (1856). The prevailing period, however, of publishing the review is quarterly; and all the principal organs of that class published at the present day, viz., the Edinburgh (1802), Quarterly (1809), North American (1815), Westminster (1824), Southern American (1825), Calcutta (1843), North British (1844), British Quarterly (1844), National (1855), Bentley's (1859), and a number of others, are of this description. In England the management of a review is placed in the hands of an editor, the publisher being alone responsible in all monetary affairs connected with the publication. The Revolution articles are for the most part anonymous; and the reviewer confines himself, although not very strictly, to the production of a review or general essay on some work or works, placed at the head of his article, which he either notices in detail, or which serve to indicate the general character of his subject. The pay of writers in reviews is various, depending on the means of the review, and likewise on the rules adopted by the editor. In Germany reviews have taken even a deeper root than in England; and the Gottinger Gelehrte Anzeige which is the oldest publication of the kind, still maintains a high character.

REVOLUTION of 1688. See BRITAIN.