a town of European Russia, capital of a circle in the government and 40 miles S.S.W. of Jaroslav, on a lake of the same name. It is an ancient and extensive town, and consists of the city, encircled by a wall and moat, along with suburbs on the outside. There is an old citadel, a cathedral with many costly ornaments, 23 other churches, 5 convents, 6 poor-houses, and 2 schools. The Archbishop of Jaroslav resides here in a large palace, with a seminary attached to it. Various important manufactures are carried on, especially of linen cloth and candles. A much-frequented market is held annually for three weeks in February and March. Pop. 9598.

a fortified town of European Russia, in the government and 223 miles E.S.E. of Jekaterinoslav, on the Don, about 22 miles above its mouth, in the Sea of Azov. It contains the fortress of St Demetrius, five churches, two schools, and two benevolent institutions. Several manufactures are carried on here, as well as ship-building and fishery. Two annual and much-frequented fairs are held here, and there is an extensive trade. Pop. 12,687.