or Rawandiz, a town of Asiatic Turkey, in the pashalic and 230 miles N. of Bagdad, among the mountains which separate the plains of Assyria from those of Media, on an affluent of the Great Zab. Its position is extremely striking and picturesque. Amid lofty and steep limestone cliffs, it occupies a sloping tongue of rock, with a ravine on the east, and another on the north, through which the river flows. The houses rise in tiers one above another, and have generally flat roofs, without walls round them. The river is only about 10 yards wide and 1 deep, but very rapid and impetuous; and the ravine is crossed at the height of 20 feet above the water by a bridge of trees, which may be removed to secure the place against an attack from the north. Rowandiz has only from 1000 to 2000 houses, but each of them contains two or three families, and the population is very dense. The inhabitants belong chiefly to the tribe of Rewendis, and are under a chieftain, who maintains some degree of independence, aided by the mountain fastnesses and numerous castles in the neighbourhood.