or Rumelia, a name that has been applied at different periods, in a varying and sometimes vague manner, to various portions of the Turkish empire. The term, which signifies the land of the Romans, seems to have been originally applied by the Ottomans to the territories which they conquered from the Eastern Empire. For this reason, Asia Minor is generally known in the east under the name of Rum. But the term Rumili has always been used to designate some portion more or less extensive of European Turkey. In its widest application it denotes the whole country from the Danube and Save on the N., to the Ægean Sea and Greek frontiers on the S., and from the Black Sea on the E., to the Adriatic on the W., thus including the countries generally known as Bulgaria, Thrace, Macedonia, Thessaly, Albania, Bosnia, and Servia. It is, however, frequently used in a more limited sense, for the southern portion only of this vast region corresponding very nearly to the ancient Thrace, Macedonia, and Thessaly. But in neither of these senses is Rumili a political division, as the Turkish empire is now divided into eyalets totally irrespective of the ancient divisions of the country, or of those commonly used by European geographers. The present eyalet of Rumili is composed of the northern portion of Albania, and the western of Macedonia. It is bounded on the N. by Montenegro and the eyalet of Bosnia, E. by those of Uskiub and Saloniki, S. by that of Janina, and W. by the Adriatic. Its extent and limits, however, like those of all the Turkish divisions, are by no means fixed, but liable to frequent changes. The area of Rumili, along with the adjacent eyalet of Uskiub, is 18,883 square miles, and the population in 1844 was 2,700,000. It is subdivided into four livas, and the capital is Monastir. This is the Turkish eyalet of Rumili; but in speaking of the Ottoman empire, Europeans generally follow the larger and more historical divisions of the country; and of these Rumelia is one of the most important. It comprises, as has been already mentioned, the ancient countries of Thrace, Macedonia, and Thessaly. It is bounded on the N. by Bulgaria, from which it is separated by the Balkan Mountains; on the E. by the Black Sea; S. by the Sea of Marmora, the Ægean, and Greece; and W. by Albania. It is traversed by several offshoots of the Balkan range, between which there are valleys and plains of much beauty and fertility. The principal rivers are the Maritza, ancient Hebros; the Struma, ancient Strymon; the Wardar, ancient Axios; and the Vistriza, ancient Haliacmon, all flowing into the Ægean, the former two from the Balkan range, and the latter from that of Pindus, which separates Rumelia from Albania. The climate is mild and healthy; and the principal products are wine, oil, tobacco, and cotton. There Rumelma are many sheep raised here, which have excellent wool. The cotton is generally woven, and dyed of a red colour. This region forms the Turkish eyalets of Edirne, or Adrianople and Saloniki, with parts of Rumili and Janina.