or NEW SARUM, a municipal and parliamentary borough of England, capital of Wiltshire, in a low, rich country, at the confluence of the Avon, Willy, and Bourne rivers, 82 miles W.S.W. of London. It is very regularly built, six principal streets stretching from N. to S., and as many others crossing them at right angles. Through some of the streets streams of water from the Avon are conducted in artificial channels. The houses, which are large, and some of them very handsome, are generally built of brick; but some, of a more ancient date, are of wood. The chief building is the cathedral, which rises majestically to the south of the town, from the close and beautiful meadow, about half a square mile in extent, planted with trees, and entered by three antique gates. The building itself is one of the finest and most regular in England; it is in the form of a double cross, from the centre of which rises a graceful spire, the loftiest in the country, being 404 feet, equal to the height of the cross of St Paul's, London. Salisbury cathedral is in the early English style, and was built, with the exception of the spire and west front, which are later, between 1220 and 1258. It is very complete in all its parts, having a nave and choir, with two aisles; a lady chapel, east of the choir; a larger and a smaller transept, with one aisle each; besides an octagonal chapter-house, the roof supported by a single elegant pillar, and cloisters 181 feet square. Within the close stands also an extensive episcopal palace, and a deanery with fine gardens. The principal dimensions of the cathedral are as follows:—Extreme length, 474 feet; length of great transept, 230 feet; of nave, 229 feet; height of the interior, 81 feet; of the exterior, 115 feet. The west front is a very rich and fine specimen of the pointed style, flanked by massive square towers surmounted by pinnacles. According to an old Latin epigram, the cathedral has as many windows as days in the year, as many pillars as hours, and as many gates as moons. Many of the monuments are interesting, and some more ancient than the building itself, having been transferred from the former cathedral at Old Sarum. Salisbury has, besides the cathedral, two parish churches and a chapel of ease; also places of worship for Independents, Baptists, Roman Catholics, Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists. There is a grammar school attached to the cathedral for the instruction of the choristers, and another founded by Queen Elizabeth in the town. There are, besides, a bishop's school and various others of different kinds. In the middle of the town is a large open market-place, at one corner of which stands the council-house, a building of brick with a handsome stone portico in the Grecian style. Near this is the poultry market, containing a fine hexagonal cross of the time of Edward III. Salisbury contains also a county jail and bridewell, library and reading-room, museum, assembly and concert rooms, a small theatre, and several charitable institutions. Races are held annually in August, on the downs near the town. No important manufacture is carried on here. Much woollen cloth was once made, but that branch of industry has become extinct; the manufacture of cutlery is now the only one that is pur- SAL

Salle. There is some traffic in the produce of the surrounding country, which is disposed of at weekly markets and annual fairs. The borough is governed by a mayor, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors, and returns two members to Parliament. Salisbury owes its origin to a quarrel which took place in the thirteenth century between the bishop and canons of Old Sarum and the captain of the castle, in consequence of which these ecclesiastical dignitaries left their former seat, about a mile and a half north of Salisbury, and founded a new cathedral here. The most of the townsmen followed them; and hence the name of New Sarum applied to the town. A charter was granted by Henry III., and the town was walled in 1315. Salisbury has been honoured by several visits of royalty, and more than one Parliament has been held here. Pop. of the borough (1851), 11,657.