a seaport-town of Asiatic Turkey, pashalic of Sivas, on the shore of the Black Sea, 166 miles W.N.W. of Trebizond. It has mosques, khans, and a small bazaar; and is chiefly remarkable as a place of trade, whence the copper, timber, wheat, &c., of the surrounding country are conveyed to Constantinople. The commercial activity of the place received a great impulse during the Crimean war, on the opposite coast of the Black Sea; but after the peace it relapsed into its old state, and the difficulty of internal communication prevents any permanent advance. Pop. 2000.

SAMUEL. (See SAMUEL, BOOKS OF.)