August Ludwig von, a German historian, was born on the 5th of July 1737, at Jagstadt, in Hohenlohe-Kirchberg. He lost his father at a very early age, but the lad's education was not neglected. In 1751 he was sent to the University of Wittemberg, where he displayed a strong liking for oriental languages. He went to Göttingen to study theology, and, after continuing there for the next two years, he, in 1756, engaged himself as tutor to a Swedish family, and started forthwith for Stockholm. While engaged on this occupation he contrived to gain time for the writing of a History of Commerce in Swedish, which he published at Stockholm in 1758. Next year he returned to Göttingen, with the full intention of proceeding to Asia on a philological mission, an idea which he had long entertained. But in 1761 this grand design was overthrown by a proposal from Müller, historiographer to the Emperor of Russia, to become tutor in his family, and to assist him in his literary projects, with the prospect of a professorship in the academy of St Petersburg. The great progress of Schlözer, or some other cause, roused the jealousy of his employer, and he pursued him, on his retiring from his tutorship, with the most violent opposition. In 1764 he was offered a professorship in the University of Göttingen by the influence of his friend, J. D. Michaelis. But Müller again appeared, and by his interference Schlözer was withheld from leaving the Russian capital. In 1765, despite the persevering insinuations of Müller, he was chosen professor of Russian history to the academy of St Petersburg. This situation he only held for two years, when, turning his back on Müller and the Russian capital, he proceeded to Göttingen, where he had just been elected to the chair of political science. Here a new field of activity opened up to him, and he worked in it with great energy and success for a long series of years. His works, published during this period, are written in a lively though somewhat coarse style, and they still attract a fair share of the attention of the reading public of Germany. His historical works include Allgemeine Nordische Geschichte, 2 vols., Halle, 1772; Nestor's Chronik, down to 980 A.D., Gött., 1802-9; Weltgeschichte in Auszüge und Zusammenhange, 1792-1802; Vorbereitung zur Weltgeschichte für Kinder, Gött., 5th ed. 1800. His political writings include his Briefwechsel, 10 vols., 1779-82; and his papers in the journal Staatsanzeiger, 18 vols., from 1782 till 1793. In 1804 he was raised to the rank of a nobleman by the Emperor of Russia, the father of Russian history "no longer standing in his way." He died on the 9th of September 1809. (See A. L. Von Schlözer's Oeffentliches und Privatleben aus Originalurkunden, by his son, Carl von Schlözer, 2 vols., Leipzig, 1828.)

SCHLÜSSELBURG, a town of European Russia, in the government and 21 miles E. of St Petersburg, at the point where the Neva issues from Lake Ladogo. It is partly built on an island, on which stands an old fortress, frequently used as a state-prison. The town is chiefly built of wood, and has manufactures of chintz and calico, and some trade with St Petersburg. Pop. 4000.