or Roum, the capital of a pashalic of Asiatic Turkey, on the north bank of the Kizil Irmak, 100 miles S.W. by W. of Trebizond. It covers a large area in a flat open plain, and the houses are intermingled with gardens and trees. Most of them are well built, and either flat-roofed or covered with tiles. The streets are narrow, crooked, and ill-paved. Two castles, each standing on a hill, command the town. The mosques are numerous; and some of their minarets and porches are very fine. The town has also large and well-stocked bazaars, khanas, baths, &c. The manufactures of the place are few and unimportant; but the transit trade is very considerable, as it stands on the best route of communication from Bagdad to the west. European goods are the chief articles of commerce. The population of the town is estimated at 27,000, a large proportion of whom are Mohammedans. The pashalic of Sivas or Roum is 310 miles in length from E. to W., by 175 in breadth; and is bounded on the E. by those of Trebizond, Erzeroom, and Diarbekir; S. by those of Marash and Karaman; W. by that of Anatolia; and N. by the Black Sea. It extends from the Kizil Irmak, the ancient Halys, to the Euphrates; and comprises mountains, valleys, and plains, generally of great fertility. Iron, lead, copper, marble, and slate are dug from the ground; and the soil produces corn, flax, hemp, tobacco, silk, wine, &c. There are extensive pastures, on which are fed the flocks and herds of the Kurds and Turcomans. Pop. estimated at 800,000.