a town of Germany, capital of the kingdom of Würtemberg, on the Nesenbach, an affluent of the Neckar, 38 miles E.S.E. of Carlshafen, and 97 S.E. of Frankfort. It occupies a very beautiful situation in a valley closely environed with vine-clad hills, and further off with woody mountains. The old part of the town lies low, and has narrow crooked streets and insignificant houses, mostly built of wood; but the more modern portion, which occupies a loftier position, consists of straight, broad, and regular streets, with large and handsome houses. The place is almost entirely of modern growth, and owes its present prosperity in a very great degree to its being the residence of the court. The principal street occupies the site of the ancient city moat; it is straight and broad. Opposite the royal palace is a large public square; and there are several others of smaller size in different parts of the town. The new palace was begun in 1746 and finished in 1806. It is a large building of freestone, not very fine externally, but splendidly decorated and furnished in the interior. The old palace, which stands to the south-west, is a massive building resembling a feudal castle. It was completed in 1570, and is now occupied by the government offices. This edifice fronts a square, two sides of which are formed by another palace, that of Prince Frederic, the king's son-in-law. In the square stands a large bronze statue of Schiller, by Thorwaldsen; and on its other side is a fine old Gothic Church of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It has a lofty tower, and contains a fine organ, many ancient sculptures, and monuments of many princes of the Würtemberg family. The hospital church is also Gothic; its exterior is clumsy, but the interior is very fine, and contains the grave of Reuchlin, and Danneker's model of his statue of Christ, now at Regensburg. The other churches in the town are modern and of little merit. The Ständehaus, where the estates or parliament of the kingdom meet, was built in 1850, but only adapted to its present purpose in 1819. The town-hall, which stands in the market-place in the older part of the town, is a building of the fifteenth century. Stuttgart has also a Museum of Natural History, containing a valuable collection; a public library of 200,000 volumes, and about 3220 MSS., including a very large collection of Bibles; a royal cabinet of medals, containing about 17,000 specimens, besides various other antiquities; a museum of the fine arts, with many fine statues and pictures; a theatre, bazaar, post-office, and other buildings. The educational establishments comprise a gymnasium, military academy, school of art, polytechnic school, and others. There are numerous hospitals, asylums, almshouses, and other benevolent institutions. A striking feature in this comparatively small town is the number of barracks which it contains. The infantry barracks is one of the largest buildings of the kind in Germany; it can accommodate with ease 3000 men. There are besides cavalry barracks of somewhat less size. The principal manufactures of the town are the making of woollen and cotton cloth, gold, silver, and bronze wares, musical, optical, and philosophical instruments, and the various branches of industry connected with the book trade, which is extensively carried on here. There is also a considerable trade in bark. The town is advantageously situated for commerce, as by means of the Neckar it communicates with the Rhine, and by railways with the principal towns of Germany. In the vicinity of Stuttgart there are some fine gardens and pleasure-grounds; among the rest those of the palaces, to which the public are freely admitted. The date of the foundation of the town is not exactly known, and there are no important events connected with its history. Pop. (1838) 51,655.