(Gr. Σούσα), called in the Bible Shushan (Heb. שׁוּשָׁן), an ancient city of the Persian empire, capital of the province of Susiana, and one of the residences of the court. There has been some difficulty in the exact identification of the site of this celebrated city, on account of the brief and sometimes obscure notices of ancient writers, and our imperfect knowledge of the geography of these regions. It stood, according to the testimony both of profane writers and of the prophet Daniel (ch. viii. 2-16), on the river Eulaeus or Ulai (אולא); but this river itself cannot be very certainly identified. The Choaspes, which flowed to the west of Susa, is generally believed to be the modern Kerkhah. The Coprates is identified with the river of Diz, and the Pasitigris with the Kuran, into which the former falls; but about the Eulaeus modern investigators have differed considerably. Major Rawlinson supposes it to be the upper part of the Kuran, above its confluence with the river of Diz; and he thinks that the Hebrew Shushan was different from Susa, and identical with the modern Susan on the Kuran. Others hold that the Eulaeus is the small river Shapur, an affluent of the river of Diz, and that the ruins of Shush, near the former stream, mark the site of Susa or Shusan. A third opinion is, that, while Shush represents the ancient Susa, the Eulaeus does not correspond with any of the present rivers, but was a branch of the Choaspes flowing past Susa into the Coprates. (On this question see a number of papers in the Royal Geographical Society's Journal, vols. iii., ix., xii., xvii., and xxvii.) It is pretty certain that the ruins of Shush are those of the ancient Susa; for by recent excavations, there have been discovered there the remains of two palaces, one of which has a magnificent colonnade, similar in size and structure to that of Persepolis; and the columns have inscriptions in three languages, stating that the building was begun by Darius Hystaspes, who, according to Pliny, was the founder of Susa. The name of the city is said to have been derived from a Persian word signifying a lily, on account of the abundance of those in the neighbourhood. It was about 120 stadia, or about 15 miles in circumference, and was surrounded with a wall of brick. The climate of Susa was very salubrious, and the Persian monarchs used to make it their residence during the spring months. It was also the seat of the principal treasury of the empire, and vast sums of money were found here by Alexander, and some treasures were still left in subsequent times, even after they had been plundered by him. There is a monument in the neighbourhood, said to be the tomb of Daniel, but manifestly of modern origin.

town of the kingdom of Sardinia, capital of a province, in the division and 37 miles W. of Turin, in a valley on the right bank of the Dora Riparia. It consists of an old and a new town, both somewhat irregularly laid out, although the latter has some handsome streets and squares. Here are a cathedral, town-hall, college, several schools, hospitals, convents, &c. There are also some remains of antiquity, including a Roman triumphal arch, and the ruins of the castle La Brunetta, on a steep height, 11,000 feet above the sea. Pop. 3500.

Susia, a fortified seaport of Northern Africa, Tunis, 40 miles S. of Hammamet, on the S.W. shore of the gulf of that name. It is, next to Tunis, the chief trading place in the country, contains several mosques and bazaars, manufacturers of woollen and linen cloth, shoes, &c., and a good harbour which receives the largest vessels. Pop. 10,500.