a seaport of European Russia, in the government of Ekaterinoslav, on the north side of the Sea of Azoph, opposite the mouth of the Don, 65 miles W.S.W. of Novo-Tcherkask. It is walled, and defended by a citadel, and though, for the most part, built only of wood, has a very imposing appearance. It contains three stone churches, besides others of wood, a splendid monastery, gymnasium, normal seminary, exchange, and barracks. There are also docks, a naval hospital, and a quarantine establishment.

Leather, wax-cloth, soap, candles, &c., are manufactured here; and an active trade is carried on. Wheat, linseed, rapeseed, tallow, wool, and other articles are exported in large quantities; and wine, fruit, tobacco, woollen, cotton, and silk fabrics are imported. The bay is so shallow on account of the quantities of sand brought down by the Don that only small vessels can enter it; and in consequence the trade of the town has somewhat declined of late years. It is still, however, much frequented by vessels. Taganrog was founded in 1697 by Peter the Great, but subsequently deserted, and rebuilt in 1769. The Emperor Alexander died here in 1825, in a room which has since been converted into a chapel. Taganrog was bombarded, and much of its stores destroyed by the allied fleet in July 1855. Pop. 18,515.