or Thurium, a Greek city in the south of Italy, on the north shore of the Tarentine Gulf, was founded, in 452 B.C., by a body of Sybarite exiles, near the spot where their ancient city had stood till it was destroyed by the Crotonians 58 years before. (See SYBARIS.) The rise of a new colony reawakened the anger of the Crotonians, and after 6 years they expelled the Sybarites. These, after an unsuccessful appeal to Sparta for assistance, applied to the Athenians, who resolved to send out a colony along with the persecuted Sybarites. The leaders of this colony were Lampson and Xenocratus; and among the settlers were the historian Herodotus and the orator Lysias. Notwithstanding some disputes between the Sybarite and the Athenian settlers, which led to the removal of the former, the city rapidly rose to a prosperous state, and received accessions of population from many parts of Greece. A war between Thurii and Tarentum, which occurred about this time, was terminated by a compromise; but, in 390 B.C., the city received a severe blow from a total defeat of their army by the Lucanians. From this period it began to decline, and was at length obliged to submit to the Roman power, in order to escape the continued attacks of the Lucanians. Even as late as the time of the empire, Thurii was a place of some importance; its final decay was gradual; and the period of its total ruin cannot be ascertained. The site of this ancient town has not yet been precisely determined.