an Athenian general, was the son of Conon, of the demus of Anaphylustus, and belonged probably to the priestly family of the Eumolpides. He inherited a large fortune, and received a good education; being on terms of intimacy with such men as Plato and Socrates, the latter of whom is said to have turned his mind from an inordinate love of display to a more honourable ambition. In 378 B.C. he was appointed, along with Chabrias and Callistratus, to command an expedition to reduce Euboea, in which they were successful. In 375 he was intrusted with the sole command of a fleet which was to sail round the Peloponnese, and, by annoying the Spartans, prevent them from invading Boeotia. In the course of this expedition, Timotheus not only ravaged the Laconian coast, but gained over to the side of Athens the Corecyraeans, Cephalonians, and Acanthians, as well as Alcetas, king of Epirus; and defeated the Spartan fleet under Nicolochus. Next year a peace was concluded and Timotheus recalled; but in 373 the Corecyraeans, being hard pressed by the Spartans, applied to Athens for help; and Timotheus was despatched with sixty ships to their assistance. But the state of the public finances were such, that he was obliged to spend some time in raising men and money among the allied states. Meanwhile, the danger of Corecyra grew daily more imminent; the Athenians began to get impatient; and at the instance of his rivals, Iphicrates and Callistratus, recalled Timotheus, and ordered him to stand a trial for his conduct. By the influence of Alcetas and Jason of Pherae, he was acquitted; but he did not again receive the command of the Athenian forces till the recall of Iphicrates in 361. In the intermediate time he entered the service of the Persian monarch, Artaxerxes II., for whom he conducted a war against Nectanabis in Egypt. Without openly breaking with his master, he secured for the Athenians the island of Samos, and the towns of Sestos and Crithote on the Hellespont; and these benefits probably led the Athenians to appoint him to succeed Iphicrates in the command of the army in Macedonia. In this quarter, he directed his arms against the Olynthians, from whom he took Potidaea and Torone; and soon after the other cities in Chalcidice submitted to Athens. An attempt against Amphipolis, however, was unsuccessful. About this time Timotheus had reached the highest degree of power and popularity, and greatly strengthened his influence by a marriage between his daughter and Menestheus, the son of his rival Iphicrates. When the social war broke out in 357 B.C., the two rivals, now reconciled, along with Menestheus and Charax, were put in command of a fleet of 60 sail against the revolted allies of Athens. The expedition proved unsuccessful, and Charax accused his colleagues of treachery. Iphicrates and Menestheus were first tried, and acquitted; but Timotheus was condemned, and fined 100 talents (about L25,000). Being unable to pay the fine, he retired to Chalcis in Euboea, where he died in 354 B.C. Nine-tenths of the fine was afterwards remitted, and the remainder expended in repairing the city walls, which Timotheus' father, the great Conon, had built. Timotheus was a man of mild and amiable character, and no less distinguished for eloquence and learning than for military skill. Far from enriching himself at the public expense, he spent his private means in the service of the state; and thus he frequently involved himself in debt, and died in poverty.