a province of Spain, in New Castile, bounded on the N. by those of Avila and Madrid, E. by that of Cuenca, S. by that of Ciudad-Real, and W. by that of Caceres. Area 5620 square miles. The surface is throughout lofty, and in a great part of its extent mountainous. Towards the centre, indeed, there are extensive plains or tablelands, but the whole of the south and east is occupied by the mountains of Toledo, which separate the waters of the Tagus on the north from those of the Guadiana on the south. These hills are of no great height; and they were once densely covered with forests, which have now been partly cut down, although there are still woods and groves of considerable extent on their lower slopes. Branches of this chain enclose the province on the east and west; and part of the range that stretches north of the Tagus approaches its north-western frontier. Among these hills there are many deep and narrow glens, secluded from one another, and from the level country. The province is watered by the Tagus, and many of its affluents, such as the Tajuna, Jarama, Guadarrama, Alberche, and Tietar, from the north; and the Algodor, Torcon, Pusa, Sangre, and Cedron from the south. The Guadiana forms for some distance the south-west frontier; and its tributary, the Guiguela, waters the eastern part of the province. The country is very rich in minerals, containing veins of gold, silver, lead, iron, quicksilver, copper, and tin; and coal, alum, cinabar, &c., are also found. The soil produces corn, pulse, potatoes, oil, wine, flax, oranges, lemons, melons, chestnuts, &c. The number of sheep and goats is few, of horses and mules still less; and the only oxen in the province are those used in agriculture. Bees and silk-worms are kept in considerable numbers. The produce of the country is sufficient, but very little more than sufficient, for the home consumption. Manufactures once flourished here, but are now in a very low state; silk and woollen cloth, earthenware, soap, and swords, being almost the only articles made. The little trade of Toledo consists in the exportation of the manufactured articles. Pop. (1857) 328,755.

the capital of the above province, and once of the whole of Spain, stands on a rocky eminence washed on three sides by the Tagus, 37 miles W.S.W. of Madrid. The Tagus is spanned by two fine stone bridges, the Alcantara, a Moorish one of a single arch, giving entrance to the town from the east; the other, that of San Martin, from the west; while between them the river makes a bend to the southward. The town is enclosed by two walls, the inner built by King Wamba in the seventh century, and the outer by Alfonso VI. in 1109. Both are pierced by numerous gates, some of which are very handsome. The appearance of Toledo from a distance is splendid and imposing; but a nearer approach shows it to be a dull, decaying place, having palaces without nobles, churches without worshippers, and streets without passengers or traffic. The houses are large and massive, generally in the Moorish style, and three or four stories high; and the streets are narrow, steep, Toledo, and crooked. The principal public square in Toledo is called the Zocadover, or square market; it is planted with trees, and forms a favourite promenade. From it to the cathedral stretches a long and tolerably broad street, the best in the town. The cathedral was built on the site of a former mosque, and completed in 1492. Its exterior is neither beautiful nor regular; it has two towers, only one of which is finished, rising to the height of 325 feet. The interior is fine, though somewhat low, and stripped of many of its former rich decorations. It is 404 feet long, by 204 broad, and divided by 84 pillars into five lateral naves; the central one, which is the loftiest, containing the choir, richly adorned with sculpture, on the one side by Vigarny, and on the other by Berrugueté. Near the cathedral is the palace of the archbishop, which contains a large and valuable library. Among the archbishops of this see have been many celebrated men, such as Fonseca, Mendoza, and Ximenes; and the chapter at one time included nearly 100 dignitaries. Besides the cathedral, Toledo once contained 20 parish churches, 6 other churches, 9 chapels, 14 convents, 23 nunneries, and 10 hospitals. Many of these have been destroyed; but some still remain, affording beautiful specimens both of the Gothic and of the Saracenic architecture. Of the former, one of the finest is that of San Juan de los Reyes; and of the latter, La Iglesia del Transito, which was formerly a Jewish synagogue. The alcázar, or palace, is one of the most conspicuous features of Toledo. It stands in a commanding position on a rock, and was originally built by King Wamba, but altered and rebuilt many times, until the time of the Emperor Charles V., who built it almost entirely anew. It is now in a very dilapidated condition, but still preserves traces of its former magnificence, and commands a fine view from the top. The ancient university of Toledo has been reduced to a secondary school; and the celebrated manufactory of sword-blades, though still existing in its old building outside the town, and producing blades as perfect as ever, has dwindled greatly, and now employs only 70 or 80 hands. The town has numerous elementary schools, a public library, museum, theatre, town-hall, hospitals, &c. Besides swords, coarse cloth, paper, leather, and guitar-strings are made here. Toledo existed in the time of the Romans, who conquered it in 193 B.C., and found it a small town but strongly situated. They strengthened the fortifications, and built an aqueduct to supply the place with water. By the Goths, who captured Toledo in 467 A.D., these works were kept up and improved; and under the Moors, who possessed it from 714 to 1085, it was an important city, second only to their capital, Cordova. Alfonso VI. of Castile and Leon recovered it from the Moors; and under him and his successors it continued to be a flourishing town, till the permanent establishment of the court at Madrid gave a final blow to its prosperity. The population, which once amounted to 200,000, was in 1857 no more than 15,797.

a town of the United States of N. America, Ohio, on the Maumee, 4 miles from its mouth in Lake Erie, and 134 N.N.W. of Columbus. It extends about a mile along the river, and consists of an upper and a lower portion, the former commanding a wide and beautiful prospect. Toledo is one of the most important commercial places in the lake country, and enjoys many and great facilities for trade. The river forms a capacious and safe harbour, frequented by most of the steamers plying on the lake; the Wabash and Erie Canal, the longest in the States, terminates here; and many railways diverge to the other centres of trade in different directions. Among the objects of trade, a prominent place is occupied by articles of food. Toledo received in 1859, 688,103 barrels of flour, 2,312,583 bushels of wheat, 714,291 of maize, 492,000 of other grains; 43,417 barrels of pork, 22,831 of beef,