a fortified town of the Prussian dominions, province of the Rhine, government, and 32 miles N.N.W. of Düsseldorf, at the confluence of the Lippe with the Rhine, which is here crossed by a bridge of boats. It is an antique town, and has an old town hall, a citadel, Roman Catholic, Lutheran, and Reformed churches, a gymnasium, poorhouse, and house of correction. Many manufactures are carried on here, especially those of sugar, tobacco, leather, woollen and cotton cloth, hosiery, and brandy. A considerable trade is carried on, by the Rhine, with Holland, and by the Lippe with Westphalia, both rivers being navigable. Corn, wood, coal, salt, wine, and brandy, are the chief articles of commerce. A monument has been erected to eleven Prussian officers shot here by the French for being engaged in Schill's revolt at Stralsund in 1809. Pop., including the garrison, 15,644.