a town of Germany, capital of the duchy of Nassau, in a small and beautiful valley covered with vineyards and orchards, on the south slope of Mount Taunus, five miles N.N.W. of Mayence. It was formerly walled, but is now quite open; and is a neatly built and rapidly improving town, with broad and regular streets. It owes its prosperity entirely to the celebrated hot springs, which were known as early as the time of the Romans, under the name of Fontes Mattiaci. They are fourteen in number; and the principal one, the Kochbrunnen, has a temperature of 156°. The principal buildings are the ducal palace, the ancient townhall, and the Kurhaus, a splendid edifice, containing dining-saloons, gaming, reading, and ball rooms, and having beautiful gardens attached to it. There are here Evangelical and Roman Catholic churches; and the Duke of Nassau erected in 1855 a magnificent Greek chapel, containing the tomb and a beautiful statue of his first wife, who was a Russian princess. Wiesbaden is the see of a Protestant bishop; and has courts of law, a gymnasium, theatre, public library, and museum; the last two being in the ducal palace. There are also many large and splendid hotels for the accommodation of visitors, of whom there is a large influx annually from June to September. It is one of the principal gambling-places in Germany. The permanent population is 16,500, but during the season that number is often doubled.