a town of the duchy of Brunswick, capital of a circle of the same name, on the Oeker, 8 miles S. of Brunswick, with which it is connected by a railway. It consists of the town proper, which was formerly fortified, and two suburbs; and has broad regular streets and spacious squares. The principal buildings are the palace, which was from 1283 to 1754 the residence of the dukes of Brunswick; an edifice after the model of the Pantheon at Rome, containing the public library of 220,000 volumes and 10,000 MSS.; the church of the Virgin, containing the ducal vaults; and several other churches. There are here too a gymnasium, normal school, theological seminary, poor-house, hospital, barracks, &c. Leather, linen, silk, paper-hangings, japanned wares, and tobacco, are made here; and there is an active trade in corn and yarn. Wolfenbüttel is the seat of government offices and courts of law. Pop. 9000.