Hay, Ontario (1861 census)
Hay was a census subdivision in Huron County, Ontario, recorded in the 1861 Census of Canada with a population of 3,054. The community is grounded to Wikidata Q115261716. The administrative centroid was at approximately 43.403°N, 81.608°W.
Population
In 1861, Hay had a population of 3,054: 1,581 male and 1,473 female residents. Population density was 33.2 people per square mile.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 985 |
| 1861 | 3,054 |
| 1871 | 3,897 |
| 1881 | 4,421 |
| 1891 | 4,244 |
| 1901 | 3,627 |
| 1911 | 3,014 |
| 1921 | 2,724 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1861
In the 1861 census, Hay shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1861
The 1861 census recorded 334 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 8 categories. Tables below are collapsible.
Population & families (26 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Female members of the family who are present | 1,429 |
| Females present who are not members of the family | 44 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 1,515 |
| Males present who are not members of the family | 66 |
| Number of adult females unable to read or write | 62 |
| Number of adult males unable to read or write | 79 |
| Number of deaf and dumb females | 2 |
| Number of deaf and dumb males | 1 |
| Number of female births in the past year | 77 |
| Number of females | 1,473 |
| Number of females attending school | 281 |
| Number of male births in the past year | 81 |
| Number of males | 1,581 |
| Number of males attending school | 337 |
| Number of married females | 533 |
| Number of married males | 533 |
| Number of persons at sea | 3 |
| Number of single females | 910 |
| Number of single males | 1,025 |
| Number of widowed females | 30 |
| Number of widowed males | 23 |
| POP FX N.1 | 1,473 |
| POP MX N.1 | 1,581 |
| POP TOT | 3,054 |
| POP XX N.1 | 3,054 |
| Total population | 3,054 |
Age structure (53 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of females age 3 to 4 | 54 |
| Number of females aged 1 to 2 | 89 |
| Number of females aged 2 to 3 | 74 |
| Number of females aged 4 to 5 | 51 |
| Number of females aged 5 to 10 | 224 |
| Number of males aged 1 to 2 | 88 |
| Number of males aged 2 to 3 | 76 |
| Number of males aged 3 to 4 | 69 |
| Number of males aged 4 to 5 | 50 |
| Number of males aged 5 to 10 | 212 |
| Number of married females aged 15 to 20 | 29 |
| Number of married females aged 20 to 30 | 209 |
| Number of married females aged 30 to 40 | 151 |
| Number of married females aged 40 to 50 | 88 |
| Number of married females aged 50 to 60 | 35 |
| Number of married females aged 60 to 70 | 18 |
| Number of married females aged 70 to 80 | 2 |
| Number of married females aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of married males aged 15 to 20 | 1 |
| Number of married males aged 20 to 30 | 162 |
| Number of married males aged 30 to 40 | 175 |
| Number of married males aged 40 to 50 | 110 |
| Number of married males aged 50 to 60 | 55 |
| Number of married males aged 60 to 70 | 22 |
| Number of married males aged 70 to 80 | 6 |
| Number of married males aged 80 to 90 | 2 |
| Number of single females aged 10 to 15 | 173 |
| Number of single females aged 15 to 20 | 99 |
| Number of single females aged 20 to 30 | 45 |
| Number of single females aged 30 to 40 | 17 |
| Number of single females aged 40 to 50 | 4 |
| Number of single females aged 50 to 60 | 1 |
| Number of single females aged 60 to 70 | 1 |
| Number of single females aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of single males aged 10 to 15 | 179 |
| Number of single males aged 15 to 20 | 139 |
| Number of single males aged 20 to 30 | 102 |
| Number of single males aged 30 to 40 | 18 |
| Number of single males aged 40 to 50 | 5 |
| Number of single males aged 50 to 60 | 3 |
| Number of single males aged 60 to 70 | 3 |
| Number of widowed females aged 20 to 30 | 3 |
| Number of widowed females aged 30 to 40 | 2 |
| Number of widowed females aged 40 to 50 | 2 |
| Number of widowed females aged 50 to 60 | 9 |
| Number of widowed females aged 60 to 70 | 10 |
| Number of widowed females aged 70 to 80 | 4 |
| Number of widowed males aged 30 to 40 | 4 |
| Number of widowed males aged 40 to 50 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 50 to 60 | 6 |
| Number of widowed males aged 60 to 70 | 5 |
| Number of widowed males aged 70 to 80 | 5 |
| Number of widowed males aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
Ethnic origin (12 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of French Canadians | 260 |
| Number of persons native to Canada, not of French origin | 1,703 |
| Number of persons originating in England or Wales | 129 |
| Number of persons originating in France | 37 |
| Number of persons originating in Germany or Holland | 440 |
| Number of persons originating in Ireland | 182 |
| Number of persons originating in Italy or Greece | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in New Brunswick | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in Nova Scotia or Prince Edward Island | 8 |
| Number of persons originating in Scotland | 219 |
| Number of persons originating in Switzerland | 22 |
| Number of persons originating in the United States | 49 |
Agriculture (81 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Acres of barley | 107 |
| Acres of buckwheat | 13 |
| Acres of corn | 18 |
| Acres of farmland held by townspeople who are not farmers | 35 |
| Acres of farmland in gardens | 140 |
| Acres of farmland in pasture | 4,070 |
| Acres of farmland in woodland or forest | 19,722 |
| Acres of farmland under crops | 10,923 |
| Acres of farmland under cultivation | 15,133 |
| Acres of land in farms | 34,855 |
| Acres of mangel wurtzel | 4 |
| Acres of oats | 1,508 |
| Acres of peas | 1,114 |
| Acres of potatoes | 280 |
| Acres of rye | 10 |
| Acres of spring wheat | 4,316 |
| Acres of turnips | 281 |
| Acres of winter wheat | 1,044 |
| Barrels of beef produced in the past year | 171 |
| Barrels of pork produced in the past year | 932 |
| Bushels of barley produced in the past year | 3,041 |
| Bushels of beans produced in the past year | 44 |
| Bushels of buckwheat produced in the past year | 255 |
| Bushels of carrots produced in the past year | 960 |
| Bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed produced in the past year | 556 |
| Bushels of corn produced in the past year | 376 |
| Bushels of mangel wurtzel produced in the past year | 715 |
| Bushels of oats produced in the past year | 45,118 |
| Bushels of peas produced in the past year | 25,605 |
| Bushels of potatoes produced in the past year | 26,736 |
| Bushels of rye produced in the past year | 110 |
| Bushels of spring wheat produced in the past year | 86,954 |
| Bushels of turnips produced in the past year | 56,285 |
| Bushels of winter wheat produced in the past year | 23,976 |
| C18 WHT FALL AC | 1,044 |
| C19 WHT FALL BU | 23,976 |
| C20 WHT SP AC | 4,316 |
| C21 WHT SP BU | 86,954 |
| C22 BAR AC | 107 |
| C23 BAR BU | 3,041 |
| C24 RYE AC | 10 |
| C25 RYE BU | 110 |
| C26 PEA AC | 1,114 |
| C27 PEA BU | 25,605 |
| C28 OAT AC | 1,508 |
| C29 OAT BU | 45,118 |
| C30 BWT AC | 13 |
| C31 BWT BU | 255 |
| C34 POT AC | 280 |
| C35 POT BU | 26,736 |
| C43 HAY TONS | 2,025 |
| C47 WOOL LBS | 8,337 |
| C63 BEEF BAR | 171 |
| C64 PORK BAR | 932 |
| Gallons of cider produced in the past year | 64 |
| HRS ov03 V | 33,010 |
| Number of bulls, oxen, or steers | 525 |
| Number of calves and heifers | 1,250 |
| Number of horses aged 3 years and under | 209 |
| Number of horses aged over 3 years | 506 |
| Number of milk cows | 1,026 |
| Number of occupants of farms | 436 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres | 10 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres | 58 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres | 124 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres | 249 |
| Number of persons living on farms over 200 acres | 2 |
| Number of persons living on farms under 10 acres | 13 |
| Number of sheep | 2,640 |
| Number of swine | 2,278 |
| Pounds of cheese produced on farms in the past year | 3,596 |
| Pounds of flax or hemp produced in the past year | 1,114 |
| Pounds of homemade butter | 47,824 |
| Pounds of hops produced in the past year | 199 |
| Pounds of maple sugar produced in the past year | 28,850 |
| Pounds of wool produced on farms in the past year | 8,337 |
| Tons of hay produced in the past year | 2,025 |
| Value of all livestock | 96,684 |
| Value of farm implements in dollars | 27,835 |
| Value of farms (dollars) | 725,958 |
| Value of garden and orchard crops produced in the past year | 274 |
Manufacturing & industry (5 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of carriages for pleasure | 23 |
| Value of carriages for pleasure (dollars) | 930 |
| Yards of flannel produced in the past year | 4,281 |
| Yards of fulled cloth produced in the past year | 1,996 |
| Yards of linen produced in the past year | 145 |
Fisheries (1 variable)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Quintals of dried fish sold in the past year | 5 |
Deaths & mortality (9 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of all ages | 7 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of unknown age | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females under age 1 | 4 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 60 to 70 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of all ages | 7 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of unknown age | 3 |
| Deaths in the past year among males under age 1 | 3 |
| Total number of deaths in the past year | 14 |
Other recorded variables (147 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| At Sea | 3 |
| C01 TOTAL | 436 |
| C02 OCC UNDR 10 | 13 |
| C03 OCC 10 TO 20 | 10 |
| C04 OCC 20 TO 50 | 124 |
| C05 OCC 50 TO 100 | 249 |
| C06 OCC 100 TO 200 | 38 |
| C07 OCC OVR 200 | 2 |
| C08 HELD | 34,855 |
| C09 UNDR CULT | 15,133 |
| C1 Males | 1,581 |
| C10 Deaths under 1 year M | 3 |
| C10 UNDR CROP | 10,923 |
| C11 Deaths under 1 year F | 4 |
| C11 UNDR PAST | 4,070 |
| C118 Ages not given Deaths M | 3 |
| C119 Ages not given Deaths F | 2 |
| C12 GARDENS | 140 |
| C12 Under 2 Years M | 88 |
| C120 Married M | 533 |
| C121 Single M | 1,025 |
| C122 Widowed M | 23 |
| C123 Total M | 1,581 |
| C124 Married F | 533 |
| C125 Single F | 910 |
| C126 Widows F | 30 |
| C127 Total F | 1,473 |
| C128 Grand Total | 3,054 |
| C129 Deaths M | 7 |
| C13 Under 2 Years F | 89 |
| C13 WOOD WILD | 19,722 |
| C130 Deaths F | 7 |
| C131 Deaths Total | 14 |
| C136 Attending School M | 337 |
| C137 Attending School F | 281 |
| C138 Adults unable to read or write M | 79 |
| C139 Adults unable to read or write F | 62 |
| C14 CASH FARM | 725,958 |
| C140 Deaf and Dumb M | 1 |
| C141 Deaf and Dumb F | 2 |
| C15 CASH IMP | 27,835 |
| C16 GARDN VALUE | 274 |
| C16 Under 3 years M | 76 |
| C17 LAND HELD | 35 |
| C17 Under 3 years F | 74 |
| C2 Females | 1,473 |
| C20 Under 4 years M | 69 |
| C21 Under 4 years F | 54 |
| C24 Under 5 years M | 50 |
| C25 Under 5 years F | 51 |
| C28 Between 5 and 10 Years M | 212 |
| C29 Between 5 and 10 years F | 224 |
| C3 Total | 3,054 |
| C32 INDN CRN AC | 18 |
| C33 Between 10 and 15 years Single M | 179 |
| C33 INDN CRN BU | 376 |
| C35 Between 10 and 15 years Single F | 173 |
| C36 TUR AC | 281 |
| C37 TUR BU | 56,285 |
| C38 Between 15 and 20 years Married M | 1 |
| C38 CAR BU | 960 |
| C39 Between 15 and 20 years Single M | 139 |
| C39 MAN WURT AC | 4 |
| C4 Members of Family M | 1,515 |
| C40 Between 15 and 20 years Married F | 29 |
| C40 MAN WURT BU | 715 |
| C41 BEN BU | 44 |
| C41 Between 15 and 20 years Single F | 99 |
| C42 CLV TIM GRA | 556 |
| C44 Between 20 and 30 years Married M | 162 |
| C44 HOP LBS | 199 |
| C45 Between 20 and 30 years Single M | 102 |
| C45 MPL SGR LBS | 28,850 |
| C46 CID GAL | 64 |
| C47 Between 20 and 30 years Married F | 209 |
| C48 Between 20 and 30 years Single F | 45 |
| C48 FLLD CLOTH YRDS | 1,996 |
| C49 Between 20 and 30 years Widows F | 3 |
| C49 FLAN YRDS | 4,281 |
| C5 Members of Family F | 1,429 |
| C50 FLX HEM LBS | 1,114 |
| C51 Between 20 and 30 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C51 LIN YRDS | 145 |
| C52 Between 30 and 40 years Married M | 175 |
| C52 BULLS OX STEERS | 525 |
| C53 Between 30 and 40 years Single M | 18 |
| C53 MILK COWS | 1,026 |
| C54 Between 30 and 40 years Widowers M | 4 |
| C54 CALVES HEIFERS | 1,250 |
| C55 Between 30 and 40 years Married F | 151 |
| C55 HORSES | 506 |
| C56 Between 30 and 40 years Single F | 17 |
| C56 HORSES VAL | 33,010 |
| C57 Between 30 and 40 years Widows F | 2 |
| C57 COLTS FILLIES | 209 |
| C58 SHEEP | 2,640 |
| C59 SWINE | 2,278 |
| C6 Not Members of Family M | 66 |
| C60 Between 40 and 50 years Married M | 110 |
| C60 TOT VALUE | 96,684 |
| C61 Between 40 and 50 years Single M | 5 |
| C61 BUTTER LB | 47,824 |
| C62 Between 40 and 50 years Widowers M | 2 |
| C62 CHEESE LB | 3,596 |
| C63 Between 40 and 50 years Married F | 88 |
| C64 Between 40 and 50 years Single F | 4 |
| C65 Between 40 and 50 years Widows F | 2 |
| C65 FISH QUIN | 5 |
| C68 Between 50 and 60 years Married M | 55 |
| C68 CAR PLEASURE | 23 |
| C69 Between 50 and 60 years Single M | 3 |
| C69 VALUE DOL P | 930 |
| C7 Not Members of Family F | 44 |
| C70 Between 50 and 60 years Widowers M | 6 |
| C71 Between 50 and 60 years Married F | 35 |
| C72 Between 50 and 60 years Single F | 1 |
| C73 Between 50 and 60 years Widows F | 9 |
| C76 Between 60 and 70 years Married M | 22 |
| C77 Between 60 and 70 years Single M | 3 |
| C78 Between 60 and 70 years Widowers M | 5 |
| C79 Between 60 and 70 years Married F | 18 |
| C8 Births in 1860 M | 81 |
| C80 Between 60 and 70 years Single F | 1 |
| C81 Between 60 and 70 years Widows F | 10 |
| C82 Between 60 and 70 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C84 Between 70 and 80 years Married M | 6 |
| C86 Between 70 and 80 years Widowers M | 5 |
| C87 Between 70 and 80 years Married F | 2 |
| C89 Between 70 and 80 years Widows F | 4 |
| C9 Births in 1860 F | 77 |
| C92 Between 80 and 90 years Married M | 2 |
| C94 Between 80 and 90 years Widowers M | 1 |
| C95 Between 80 and 90 years Married F | 1 |
| C96 Between 80 and 90 years Single F | 1 |
| CD NAME | Huron |
| England and Wales | 129 |
| France | 37 |
| Ireland | 182 |
| Italy and Greece | 1 |
| Natives of Canada French Origin | 260 |
| Natives of Canada Not of French Origin | 1,703 |
| New Brunswick | 1 |
| Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island | 8 |
| Prussia German States and Holland | 440 |
| Scotland | 219 |
| Switzerland | 22 |
| United States | 49 |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
ON079008— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_ON119005— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: Q115261716
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1861 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "Hay, Ontario (1861 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/hay-on079008-1861/.