London, Ontario (1861 census)
London was a census subdivision in Middlesex County, Ontario, recorded in the 1861 Census of Canada with a population of 9,666. The administrative centroid was at approximately 43.072°N, 81.299°W.
Population
In 1861, London had a population of 9,666: 5,002 male and 4,664 female residents. Population density was 53.8 people per square mile.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 6,735 |
| 1861 | 9,666 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1861
In the 1861 census, London shared boundaries with:
- Biddulph
- Delaware
- Dorchester N
- Lobo
- London, Ward—Quartier No. 3
- London, Ward—Quartier No. 4
- London, Ward—Quartier No. 4
- London, Ward—Quartier No. 6
- McGillivray
- Nissouri W-O
- Westminster
- Williams E
Full census record, 1861
The 1861 census recorded 412 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 7 categories. Tables below are collapsible.
Population & families (26 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Female members of the family who are present | 4,432 |
| Females present who are not members of the family | 232 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 4,638 |
| Males present who are not members of the family | 364 |
| Number of adult females unable to read or write | 70 |
| Number of adult males unable to read or write | 80 |
| Number of deaf and dumb males | 3 |
| Number of female births in the past year | 150 |
| Number of females | 4,664 |
| Number of females attending school | 838 |
| Number of lunatic females | 3 |
| Number of lunatic males | 5 |
| Number of male births in the past year | 171 |
| Number of males | 5,002 |
| Number of males attending school | 992 |
| Number of married females | 1,496 |
| Number of married males | 1,517 |
| Number of single females | 2,990 |
| Number of single males | 3,386 |
| Number of widowed females | 178 |
| Number of widowed males | 99 |
| POP FX N.1 | 4,664 |
| POP MX N.1 | 5,002 |
| POP TOT | 9,666 |
| POP XX N.1 | 9,666 |
| Total population | 9,666 |
Age structure (64 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of females age 3 to 4 | 153 |
| Number of females aged 1 to 2 | 193 |
| Number of females aged 2 to 3 | 177 |
| Number of females aged 4 to 5 | 131 |
| Number of females aged 5 to 10 | 598 |
| Number of females of unknown age | 4 |
| Number of males aged 1 to 2 | 172 |
| Number of males aged 2 to 3 | 164 |
| Number of males aged 3 to 4 | 170 |
| Number of males aged 4 to 5 | 140 |
| Number of males aged 5 to 10 | 669 |
| Number of males of unknown age | 10 |
| Number of married females aged 15 to 20 | 14 |
| Number of married females aged 20 to 30 | 413 |
| Number of married females aged 30 to 40 | 465 |
| Number of married females aged 40 to 50 | 303 |
| Number of married females aged 50 to 60 | 198 |
| Number of married females aged 60 to 70 | 90 |
| Number of married females aged 70 to 80 | 11 |
| Number of married females aged 80 to 90 | 2 |
| Number of married males aged 15 to 20 | 2 |
| Number of married males aged 20 to 30 | 254 |
| Number of married males aged 30 to 40 | 432 |
| Number of married males aged 40 to 50 | 384 |
| Number of married males aged 50 to 60 | 246 |
| Number of married males aged 60 to 70 | 149 |
| Number of married males aged 70 to 80 | 41 |
| Number of married males aged 80 to 90 | 8 |
| Number of married males aged 90 to 100 | 1 |
| Number of single females aged 10 to 15 | 592 |
| Number of single females aged 15 to 20 | 558 |
| Number of single females aged 20 to 30 | 361 |
| Number of single females aged 30 to 40 | 31 |
| Number of single females aged 40 to 50 | 11 |
| Number of single females aged 50 to 60 | 12 |
| Number of single females aged 60 to 70 | 8 |
| Number of single females aged 70 to 80 | 6 |
| Number of single females aged 80 to 90 | 5 |
| Number of single males aged 10 to 15 | 630 |
| Number of single males aged 15 to 20 | 620 |
| Number of single males aged 20 to 30 | 461 |
| Number of single males aged 30 to 40 | 95 |
| Number of single males aged 40 to 50 | 37 |
| Number of single males aged 50 to 60 | 11 |
| Number of single males aged 60 to 70 | 18 |
| Number of single males aged 70 to 80 | 13 |
| Number of single males aged 80 to 90 | 4 |
| Number of single males aged 90 to 100 | 1 |
| Number of widowed females aged 20 to 30 | 9 |
| Number of widowed females aged 30 to 40 | 20 |
| Number of widowed females aged 40 to 50 | 27 |
| Number of widowed females aged 50 to 60 | 29 |
| Number of widowed females aged 60 to 70 | 37 |
| Number of widowed females aged 70 to 80 | 30 |
| Number of widowed females aged 80 to 90 | 21 |
| Number of widowed females aged 90 to 100 | 5 |
| Number of widowed males aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Number of widowed males aged 30 to 40 | 7 |
| Number of widowed males aged 40 to 50 | 13 |
| Number of widowed males aged 50 to 60 | 15 |
| Number of widowed males aged 60 to 70 | 31 |
| Number of widowed males aged 70 to 80 | 18 |
| Number of widowed males aged 80 to 90 | 10 |
| Number of widowed males aged 90 to 100 | 4 |
Ethnic origin (26 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of female negroes or coloured persons | 5 |
| Number of French Canadians | 7 |
| Number of Indigenous females | 90 |
| Number of Indigenous males | 87 |
| Number of Indigenous persons | 2 |
| Number of male negroes or coloured persons | 4 |
| Number of negroes or coloured persons | 171 |
| Number of persons native to Canada, not of French origin | 5,637 |
| Number of persons originating in all other places | 11 |
| Number of persons originating in England or Wales | 1,498 |
| Number of persons originating in France | 4 |
| Number of persons originating in Germany or Holland | 49 |
| Number of persons originating in Guernsey, Jersey, or other British islands | 7 |
| Number of persons originating in Ireland | 1,514 |
| Number of persons originating in Italy or Greece | 2 |
| Number of persons originating in New Brunswick | 19 |
| Number of persons originating in Newfoundland | 7 |
| Number of persons originating in Nova Scotia or Prince Edward Island | 33 |
| Number of persons originating in Russia or Poland | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in Scotland | 491 |
| Number of persons originating in Spain or Portugal | 2 |
| Number of persons originating in Switzerland | 2 |
| Number of persons originating in the East Indies | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in the United States | 350 |
| Number of persons originating in the West Indies | 5 |
| Number of persons whose origin is unknown | 26 |
Agriculture (81 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Acres of barley | 941 |
| Acres of buckwheat | 167 |
| Acres of corn | 388 |
| Acres of farmland held by townspeople who are not farmers | 492 |
| Acres of farmland in gardens | 1,162 |
| Acres of farmland in pasture | 11,903 |
| Acres of farmland in woodland or forest | 43,740 |
| Acres of farmland under crops | 35,684 |
| Acres of farmland under cultivation | 48,749 |
| Acres of land in farms | 92,489 |
| Acres of mangel wurtzel | 9 |
| Acres of oats | 7,993 |
| Acres of peas | 3,794 |
| Acres of potatoes | 1,235 |
| Acres of rye | 46 |
| Acres of spring wheat | 13,334 |
| Acres of turnips | 1,237 |
| Acres of winter wheat | 525 |
| Barrels of beef produced in the past year | 471 |
| Barrels of pork produced in the past year | 2,631 |
| Bushels of barley produced in the past year | 16,977 |
| Bushels of beans produced in the past year | 283 |
| Bushels of buckwheat produced in the past year | 2,445 |
| Bushels of carrots produced in the past year | 16,863 |
| Bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed produced in the past year | 93 |
| Bushels of corn produced in the past year | 8,589 |
| Bushels of mangel wurtzel produced in the past year | 3,899 |
| Bushels of oats produced in the past year | 230,641 |
| Bushels of peas produced in the past year | 88,013 |
| Bushels of potatoes produced in the past year | 132,604 |
| Bushels of rye produced in the past year | 558 |
| Bushels of spring wheat produced in the past year | 265,165 |
| Bushels of turnips produced in the past year | 355,041 |
| Bushels of winter wheat produced in the past year | 7,666 |
| C18 WHT FALL AC | 525 |
| C19 WHT FALL BU | 7,666 |
| C20 WHT SP AC | 13,334 |
| C21 WHT SP BU | 265,165 |
| C22 BAR AC | 941 |
| C23 BAR BU | 16,977 |
| C24 RYE AC | 46 |
| C25 RYE BU | 558 |
| C26 PEA AC | 3,794 |
| C27 PEA BU | 88,013 |
| C28 OAT AC | 7,993 |
| C29 OAT BU | 230,641 |
| C30 BWT AC | 167 |
| C31 BWT BU | 2,445 |
| C34 POT AC | 1,235 |
| C35 POT BU | 132,604 |
| C43 HAY TONS | 7,486 |
| C47 WOOL LBS | 47,280 |
| C63 BEEF BAR | 471 |
| C64 PORK BAR | 2,631 |
| Gallons of cider produced in the past year | 11,419 |
| HRS ov03 V | 190,972 |
| Number of bulls, oxen, or steers | 487 |
| Number of calves and heifers | 4,506 |
| Number of horses aged 3 years and under | 942 |
| Number of horses aged over 3 years | 2,467 |
| Number of milk cows | 3,750 |
| Number of occupants of farms | 1,166 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres | 56 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres | 149 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres | 262 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres | 535 |
| Number of persons living on farms over 200 acres | 26 |
| Number of persons living on farms under 10 acres | 138 |
| Number of sheep | 13,908 |
| Number of swine | 6,945 |
| Pounds of cheese produced on farms in the past year | 9,919 |
| Pounds of flax or hemp produced in the past year | 860 |
| Pounds of homemade butter | 239,434 |
| Pounds of hops produced in the past year | 10,103 |
| Pounds of maple sugar produced in the past year | 93,907 |
| Pounds of wool produced on farms in the past year | 47,280 |
| Tons of hay produced in the past year | 7,486 |
| Value of all livestock | 378,198 |
| Value of farm implements in dollars | 92,337 |
| Value of farms (dollars) | 3,366,617 |
| Value of garden and orchard crops produced in the past year | 25,439 |
Manufacturing & industry (7 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of carriages for hire | 5 |
| Number of carriages for pleasure | 632 |
| Value of carriages for hire (dollars) | 1,010 |
| Value of carriages for pleasure (dollars) | 17,334 |
| Yards of flannel produced in the past year | 15,160 |
| Yards of fulled cloth produced in the past year | 2,754 |
| Yards of linen produced in the past year | 18 |
Deaths & mortality (22 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 2 to 3 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 20 to 30 | 4 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 30 to 40 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 60 to 70 | 3 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 70 to 80 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of all ages | 14 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of unknown age | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females under age 1 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 1 to 2 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 10 to 15 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 20 to 30 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 30 to 40 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 4 to 5 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 40 to 50 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 5 to 10 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 50 to 60 | 3 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 70 to 80 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of all ages | 25 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of unknown age | 3 |
| Deaths in the past year among males under age 1 | 5 |
| Total number of deaths in the past year | 39 |
Other recorded variables (186 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| All other Places | 11 |
| C01 TOTAL | 1,166 |
| C02 OCC UNDR 10 | 138 |
| C03 OCC 10 TO 20 | 56 |
| C04 OCC 20 TO 50 | 262 |
| C05 OCC 50 TO 100 | 535 |
| C06 OCC 100 TO 200 | 149 |
| C07 OCC OVR 200 | 26 |
| C08 HELD | 92,489 |
| C09 UNDR CULT | 48,749 |
| C1 Males | 5,002 |
| C10 Deaths under 1 year M | 5 |
| C10 UNDR CROP | 35,684 |
| C100 Between 90 and 100 years Married M | 1 |
| C101 Between 90 and 100 years Single M | 1 |
| C102 Between 90 and 100 years Widowers M | 4 |
| C105 Between 90 and 100 years Widows F | 5 |
| C11 Deaths under 1 year F | 1 |
| C11 UNDR PAST | 11,903 |
| C116 Ages not given M | 10 |
| C117 Ages not given F | 4 |
| C118 Ages not given Deaths M | 3 |
| C119 Ages not given Deaths F | 1 |
| C12 GARDENS | 1,162 |
| C12 Under 2 Years M | 172 |
| C120 Married M | 1,517 |
| C121 Single M | 3,386 |
| C122 Widowed M | 99 |
| C123 Total M | 5,002 |
| C124 Married F | 1,496 |
| C125 Single F | 2,990 |
| C126 Widows F | 178 |
| C127 Total F | 4,664 |
| C128 Grand Total | 9,666 |
| C129 Deaths M | 25 |
| C13 Under 2 Years F | 193 |
| C13 WOOD WILD | 43,740 |
| C130 Deaths F | 14 |
| C131 Deaths Total | 39 |
| C132 Indians M | 87 |
| C133 Indians F | 90 |
| C134 Negroes M | 4 |
| C135 Negreos F | 5 |
| C136 Attending School M | 992 |
| C137 Attending School F | 838 |
| C138 Adults unable to read or write M | 80 |
| C139 Adults unable to read or write F | 70 |
| C14 CASH FARM | 3,366,617 |
| C14 Deaths under 2 years M | 2 |
| C140 Deaf and Dumb M | 3 |
| C144 Lunatics M | 5 |
| C145 Lunatics F | 3 |
| C15 CASH IMP | 92,337 |
| C16 GARDN VALUE | 25,439 |
| C16 Under 3 years M | 164 |
| C17 LAND HELD | 492 |
| C17 Under 3 years F | 177 |
| C19 Deaths under 3 years F | 1 |
| C2 Females | 4,664 |
| C20 Under 4 years M | 170 |
| C21 Under 4 years F | 153 |
| C24 Under 5 years M | 140 |
| C25 Under 5 years F | 131 |
| C26 Deaths under 5 years M | 1 |
| C28 Between 5 and 10 Years M | 669 |
| C29 Between 5 and 10 years F | 598 |
| C3 Total | 9,666 |
| C30 Deaths between 5 and 10 years M | 1 |
| C32 INDN CRN AC | 388 |
| C33 Between 10 and 15 years Single M | 630 |
| C33 INDN CRN BU | 8,589 |
| C35 Between 10 and 15 years Single F | 592 |
| C36 Between 10 and 15 years Deaths M | 2 |
| C36 TUR AC | 1,237 |
| C37 TUR BU | 355,041 |
| C38 Between 15 and 20 years Married M | 2 |
| C38 CAR BU | 16,863 |
| C39 Between 15 and 20 years Single M | 620 |
| C39 MAN WURT AC | 9 |
| C4 Members of Family M | 4,638 |
| C40 Between 15 and 20 years Married F | 14 |
| C40 MAN WURT BU | 3,899 |
| C41 BEN BU | 283 |
| C41 Between 15 and 20 years Single F | 558 |
| C42 CLV TIM GRA | 93 |
| C44 Between 20 and 30 years Married M | 254 |
| C44 HOP LBS | 10,103 |
| C45 Between 20 and 30 years Single M | 461 |
| C45 MPL SGR LBS | 93,907 |
| C46 Between 20 and 30 years Widowers M | 1 |
| C46 CID GAL | 11,419 |
| C47 Between 20 and 30 years Married F | 413 |
| C48 Between 20 and 30 years Single F | 361 |
| C48 FLLD CLOTH YRDS | 2,754 |
| C49 Between 20 and 30 years Widows F | 9 |
| C49 FLAN YRDS | 15,160 |
| C5 Members of Family F | 4,432 |
| C50 Between 20 and 30 years Deaths M | 2 |
| C50 FLX HEM LBS | 860 |
| C51 Between 20 and 30 years Deaths F | 4 |
| C51 LIN YRDS | 18 |
| C52 Between 30 and 40 years Married M | 432 |
| C52 BULLS OX STEERS | 487 |
| C53 Between 30 and 40 years Single M | 95 |
| C53 MILK COWS | 3,750 |
| C54 Between 30 and 40 years Widowers M | 7 |
| C54 CALVES HEIFERS | 4,506 |
| C55 Between 30 and 40 years Married F | 465 |
| C55 HORSES | 2,467 |
| C56 Between 30 and 40 years Single F | 31 |
| C56 HORSES VAL | 190,972 |
| C57 Between 30 and 40 years Widows F | 20 |
| C57 COLTS FILLIES | 942 |
| C58 Between 30 and 40 years Deaths M | 2 |
| C58 SHEEP | 13,908 |
| C59 Between 30 and 40 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C59 SWINE | 6,945 |
| C6 Not Members of Family M | 364 |
| C60 Between 40 and 50 years Married M | 384 |
| C60 TOT VALUE | 378,198 |
| C61 Between 40 and 50 years Single M | 37 |
| C61 BUTTER LB | 239,434 |
| C62 Between 40 and 50 years Widowers M | 13 |
| C62 CHEESE LB | 9,919 |
| C63 Between 40 and 50 years Married F | 303 |
| C64 Between 40 and 50 years Single F | 11 |
| C65 Between 40 and 50 years Widows F | 27 |
| C66 Between 40 and 50 years Deaths M | 2 |
| C68 Between 50 and 60 years Married M | 246 |
| C68 CAR PLEASURE | 632 |
| C69 Between 50 and 60 years Single M | 11 |
| C69 VALUE DOL P | 17,334 |
| C7 Not Members of Family F | 232 |
| C70 Between 50 and 60 years Widowers M | 15 |
| C70 CAR HIRE | 5 |
| C71 Between 50 and 60 years Married F | 198 |
| C71 VALUE DOL H | 1,010 |
| C72 Between 50 and 60 years Single F | 12 |
| C73 Between 50 and 60 years Widows F | 29 |
| C74 Between 50 and 60 years Deaths M | 3 |
| C76 Between 60 and 70 years Married M | 149 |
| C77 Between 60 and 70 years Single M | 18 |
| C78 Between 60 and 70 years Widowers M | 31 |
| C79 Between 60 and 70 years Married F | 90 |
| C8 Births in 1860 M | 171 |
| C80 Between 60 and 70 years Single F | 8 |
| C81 Between 60 and 70 years Widows F | 37 |
| C83 Between 60 and 70 years Deaths F | 3 |
| C84 Between 70 and 80 years Married M | 41 |
| C85 Between 70 and 80 years Single M | 13 |
| C86 Between 70 and 80 years Widowers M | 18 |
| C87 Between 70 and 80 years Married F | 11 |
| C88 Between 70 and 80 years Single F | 6 |
| C89 Between 70 and 80 years Widows F | 30 |
| C9 Births in 1860 F | 150 |
| C90 Between 70 and 80 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C91 Between 70 and 80 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C92 Between 80 and 90 years Married M | 8 |
| C93 Between 80 and 90 years Single M | 4 |
| C94 Between 80 and 90 years Widowers M | 10 |
| C95 Between 80 and 90 years Married F | 2 |
| C96 Between 80 and 90 years Single F | 5 |
| C97 Between 80 and 90 years Widows F | 21 |
| C98 Between 80 and 90 years Deaths M | 1 |
| CD NAME | Middlesex |
| Colored Persons | 171 |
| East Indies | 1 |
| England and Wales | 1,498 |
| France | 4 |
| Guernsey Jersey and other British Islands | 7 |
| Indians | 2 |
| Ireland | 1,514 |
| Italy and Greece | 2 |
| Natives of Canada French Origin | 7 |
| Natives of Canada Not of French Origin | 5,637 |
| New Brunswick | 19 |
| Newfoundland | 7 |
| Not Known | 26 |
| Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island | 33 |
| Prussia German States and Holland | 49 |
| Russia and Poland | 1 |
| Scotland | 491 |
| Spain and Portugal | 2 |
| Switzerland | 2 |
| United States | 350 |
| West Indies | 5 |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
ON086007— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_ON086007— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: not yet grounded. This page covers a place whose persistent identity has not yet been linked to a Wikidata entity. Identification is via TCP UID and spatial polygon only.
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1861 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "London, Ontario (1861 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/london-on086007-1861/.