Pelham, Ontario (1861 census)
Pelham was a census subdivision in Welland County, Ontario, recorded in the 1861 Census of Canada with a population of 2,646. The community is grounded to Wikidata Q448041. The administrative centroid was at approximately 43.040°N, 79.336°W.
Population
In 1861, Pelham had a population of 2,646: 1,323 male and 1,323 female residents. Population density was 52.1 people per square mile.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 2,400 |
| 1861 | 2,646 |
| 1871 | 2,515 |
| 1881 | 2,623 |
| 1891 | 2,554 |
| 1901 | 2,490 |
| 1911 | 2,815 |
| 1921 | 2,936 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1861
In the 1861 census, Pelham shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1861
The 1861 census recorded 346 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 8 categories. Tables below are collapsible.
Population & families (28 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Female members of the family who are present | 1,224 |
| Females present who are not members of the family | 99 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 1,178 |
| Males present who are not members of the family | 145 |
| Number of adult females unable to read or write | 21 |
| Number of adult males unable to read or write | 21 |
| Number of blind females | 1 |
| Number of blind males | 1 |
| Number of deaf and dumb males | 1 |
| Number of female births in the past year | 48 |
| Number of females | 1,323 |
| Number of females attending school | 231 |
| Number of lunatic females | 4 |
| Number of lunatic males | 2 |
| Number of male births in the past year | 44 |
| Number of males | 1,323 |
| Number of males attending school | 272 |
| Number of married females | 453 |
| Number of married males | 450 |
| Number of single females | 819 |
| Number of single males | 845 |
| Number of widowed females | 51 |
| Number of widowed males | 28 |
| POP FX N.1 | 1,323 |
| POP MX N.1 | 1,323 |
| POP TOT | 2,646 |
| POP XX N.1 | 2,646 |
| Total population | 2,646 |
Age structure (55 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of females age 3 to 4 | 42 |
| Number of females aged 1 to 2 | 46 |
| Number of females aged 2 to 3 | 43 |
| Number of females aged 4 to 5 | 40 |
| Number of females aged 5 to 10 | 129 |
| Number of males aged 1 to 2 | 41 |
| Number of males aged 2 to 3 | 36 |
| Number of males aged 3 to 4 | 29 |
| Number of males aged 4 to 5 | 46 |
| Number of males aged 5 to 10 | 135 |
| Number of married females aged 15 to 20 | 7 |
| Number of married females aged 20 to 30 | 127 |
| Number of married females aged 30 to 40 | 141 |
| Number of married females aged 40 to 50 | 90 |
| Number of married females aged 50 to 60 | 50 |
| Number of married females aged 60 to 70 | 33 |
| Number of married females aged 70 to 80 | 5 |
| Number of married males aged 15 to 20 | 2 |
| Number of married males aged 20 to 30 | 71 |
| Number of married males aged 30 to 40 | 134 |
| Number of married males aged 40 to 50 | 109 |
| Number of married males aged 50 to 60 | 71 |
| Number of married males aged 60 to 70 | 49 |
| Number of married males aged 70 to 80 | 10 |
| Number of married males aged 80 to 90 | 4 |
| Number of single females aged 10 to 15 | 168 |
| Number of single females aged 15 to 20 | 156 |
| Number of single females aged 20 to 30 | 127 |
| Number of single females aged 30 to 40 | 11 |
| Number of single females aged 40 to 50 | 6 |
| Number of single females aged 50 to 60 | 2 |
| Number of single females aged 60 to 70 | 1 |
| Number of single males aged 10 to 15 | 159 |
| Number of single males aged 15 to 20 | 151 |
| Number of single males aged 20 to 30 | 161 |
| Number of single males aged 30 to 40 | 25 |
| Number of single males aged 40 to 50 | 10 |
| Number of single males aged 50 to 60 | 3 |
| Number of single males aged 60 to 70 | 3 |
| Number of single males aged 70 to 80 | 1 |
| Number of single males aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of widowed females aged 20 to 30 | 2 |
| Number of widowed females aged 30 to 40 | 5 |
| Number of widowed females aged 40 to 50 | 5 |
| Number of widowed females aged 50 to 60 | 11 |
| Number of widowed females aged 60 to 70 | 13 |
| Number of widowed females aged 70 to 80 | 10 |
| Number of widowed females aged 80 to 90 | 5 |
| Number of widowed males aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Number of widowed males aged 30 to 40 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 40 to 50 | 4 |
| Number of widowed males aged 50 to 60 | 9 |
| Number of widowed males aged 60 to 70 | 5 |
| Number of widowed males aged 70 to 80 | 6 |
| Number of widowed males aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
Ethnic origin (8 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of persons native to Canada, not of French origin | 2,106 |
| Number of persons originating in England or Wales | 135 |
| Number of persons originating in France | 5 |
| Number of persons originating in Germany or Holland | 93 |
| Number of persons originating in Ireland | 60 |
| Number of persons originating in New Brunswick | 21 |
| Number of persons originating in Scotland | 34 |
| Number of persons originating in the United States | 192 |
Agriculture (81 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Acres of barley | 480 |
| Acres of buckwheat | 518 |
| Acres of corn | 792 |
| Acres of farmland held by townspeople who are not farmers | 106 |
| Acres of farmland in gardens | 758 |
| Acres of farmland in pasture | 5,432 |
| Acres of farmland in woodland or forest | 10,043 |
| Acres of farmland under crops | 11,796 |
| Acres of farmland under cultivation | 17,986 |
| Acres of land in farms | 28,029 |
| Acres of mangel wurtzel | 6 |
| Acres of oats | 1,552 |
| Acres of peas | 631 |
| Acres of potatoes | 431 |
| Acres of rye | 440 |
| Acres of spring wheat | 1,080 |
| Acres of turnips | 45 |
| Acres of winter wheat | 1,610 |
| Barrels of beef produced in the past year | 113 |
| Barrels of pork produced in the past year | 741 |
| Bushels of barley produced in the past year | 10,313 |
| Bushels of beans produced in the past year | 231 |
| Bushels of buckwheat produced in the past year | 8,752 |
| Bushels of carrots produced in the past year | 6,508 |
| Bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed produced in the past year | 893 |
| Bushels of corn produced in the past year | 28,288 |
| Bushels of mangel wurtzel produced in the past year | 590 |
| Bushels of oats produced in the past year | 46,170 |
| Bushels of peas produced in the past year | 9,718 |
| Bushels of potatoes produced in the past year | 34,070 |
| Bushels of rye produced in the past year | 3,795 |
| Bushels of spring wheat produced in the past year | 15,179 |
| Bushels of turnips produced in the past year | 20,094 |
| Bushels of winter wheat produced in the past year | 15,806 |
| C18 WHT FALL AC | 1,610 |
| C19 WHT FALL BU | 15,806 |
| C20 WHT SP AC | 1,080 |
| C21 WHT SP BU | 15,179 |
| C22 BAR AC | 480 |
| C23 BAR BU | 10,313 |
| C24 RYE AC | 440 |
| C25 RYE BU | 3,795 |
| C26 PEA AC | 631 |
| C27 PEA BU | 9,718 |
| C28 OAT AC | 1,552 |
| C29 OAT BU | 46,170 |
| C30 BWT AC | 518 |
| C31 BWT BU | 8,752 |
| C34 POT AC | 431 |
| C35 POT BU | 34,070 |
| C43 HAY TONS | 3,484 |
| C47 WOOL LBS | 10,751 |
| C63 BEEF BAR | 113 |
| C64 PORK BAR | 741 |
| Gallons of cider produced in the past year | 38,776 |
| HRS ov03 V | 56,700 |
| Number of bulls, oxen, or steers | 135 |
| Number of calves and heifers | 1,001 |
| Number of horses aged 3 years and under | 238 |
| Number of horses aged over 3 years | 827 |
| Number of milk cows | 955 |
| Number of occupants of farms | 382 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres | 14 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres | 51 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres | 127 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres | 146 |
| Number of persons living on farms over 200 acres | 3 |
| Number of persons living on farms under 10 acres | 41 |
| Number of sheep | 4,390 |
| Number of swine | 1,520 |
| Pounds of cheese produced on farms in the past year | 8,731 |
| Pounds of flax or hemp produced in the past year | 16 |
| Pounds of homemade butter | 83,798 |
| Pounds of hops produced in the past year | 36 |
| Pounds of maple sugar produced in the past year | 5,408 |
| Pounds of wool produced on farms in the past year | 10,751 |
| Tons of hay produced in the past year | 3,484 |
| Value of all livestock | 120,313 |
| Value of farm implements in dollars | 35,100 |
| Value of farms (dollars) | 948,853 |
| Value of garden and orchard crops produced in the past year | 13,042 |
Manufacturing & industry (6 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of carriages for hire | 2 |
| Number of carriages for pleasure | 191 |
| Value of carriages for hire (dollars) | 116 |
| Value of carriages for pleasure (dollars) | 11,878 |
| Yards of flannel produced in the past year | 2,592 |
| Yards of fulled cloth produced in the past year | 1,016 |
Fisheries (1 variable)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Pounds of fresh fish sold in the past year | 1,480 |
Deaths & mortality (14 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 60 to 70 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 80 to 90 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of all ages | 7 |
| Deaths in the past year among females under age 1 | 3 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 15 to 20 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 30 to 40 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 4 to 5 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 50 to 60 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 60 to 70 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 70 to 80 | 4 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 80 to 90 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of all ages | 13 |
| Deaths in the past year among males under age 1 | 1 |
| Total number of deaths in the past year | 20 |
Other recorded variables (153 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| C01 TOTAL | 382 |
| C02 OCC UNDR 10 | 41 |
| C03 OCC 10 TO 20 | 14 |
| C04 OCC 20 TO 50 | 127 |
| C05 OCC 50 TO 100 | 146 |
| C06 OCC 100 TO 200 | 51 |
| C07 OCC OVR 200 | 3 |
| C08 HELD | 28,029 |
| C09 UNDR CULT | 17,986 |
| C1 Males | 1,323 |
| C10 Deaths under 1 year M | 1 |
| C10 UNDR CROP | 11,796 |
| C11 Deaths under 1 year F | 3 |
| C11 UNDR PAST | 5,432 |
| C12 GARDENS | 758 |
| C12 Under 2 Years M | 41 |
| C120 Married M | 450 |
| C121 Single M | 845 |
| C122 Widowed M | 28 |
| C123 Total M | 1,323 |
| C124 Married F | 453 |
| C125 Single F | 819 |
| C126 Widows F | 51 |
| C127 Total F | 1,323 |
| C128 Grand Total | 2,646 |
| C129 Deaths M | 13 |
| C13 Under 2 Years F | 46 |
| C13 WOOD WILD | 10,043 |
| C130 Deaths F | 7 |
| C131 Deaths Total | 20 |
| C136 Attending School M | 272 |
| C137 Attending School F | 231 |
| C138 Adults unable to read or write M | 21 |
| C139 Adults unable to read or write F | 21 |
| C14 CASH FARM | 948,853 |
| C140 Deaf and Dumb M | 1 |
| C142 Blind M | 1 |
| C143 Blind F | 1 |
| C144 Lunatics M | 2 |
| C145 Lunatics F | 4 |
| C15 CASH IMP | 35,100 |
| C16 GARDN VALUE | 13,042 |
| C16 Under 3 years M | 36 |
| C17 LAND HELD | 106 |
| C17 Under 3 years F | 43 |
| C2 Females | 1,323 |
| C20 Under 4 years M | 29 |
| C21 Under 4 years F | 42 |
| C24 Under 5 years M | 46 |
| C25 Under 5 years F | 40 |
| C26 Deaths under 5 years M | 1 |
| C28 Between 5 and 10 Years M | 135 |
| C29 Between 5 and 10 years F | 129 |
| C3 Total | 2,646 |
| C32 INDN CRN AC | 792 |
| C33 Between 10 and 15 years Single M | 159 |
| C33 INDN CRN BU | 28,288 |
| C35 Between 10 and 15 years Single F | 168 |
| C36 TUR AC | 45 |
| C37 TUR BU | 20,094 |
| C38 Between 15 and 20 years Married M | 2 |
| C38 CAR BU | 6,508 |
| C39 Between 15 and 20 years Single M | 151 |
| C39 MAN WURT AC | 6 |
| C4 Members of Family M | 1,178 |
| C40 Between 15 and 20 years Married F | 7 |
| C40 MAN WURT BU | 590 |
| C41 BEN BU | 231 |
| C41 Between 15 and 20 years Single F | 156 |
| C42 Between 15 and 20 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C42 CLV TIM GRA | 893 |
| C44 Between 20 and 30 years Married M | 71 |
| C44 HOP LBS | 36 |
| C45 Between 20 and 30 years Single M | 161 |
| C45 MPL SGR LBS | 5,408 |
| C46 Between 20 and 30 years Widowers M | 1 |
| C46 CID GAL | 38,776 |
| C47 Between 20 and 30 years Married F | 127 |
| C48 Between 20 and 30 years Single F | 127 |
| C48 FLLD CLOTH YRDS | 1,016 |
| C49 Between 20 and 30 years Widows F | 2 |
| C49 FLAN YRDS | 2,592 |
| C5 Members of Family F | 1,224 |
| C50 FLX HEM LBS | 16 |
| C52 Between 30 and 40 years Married M | 134 |
| C52 BULLS OX STEERS | 135 |
| C53 Between 30 and 40 years Single M | 25 |
| C53 MILK COWS | 955 |
| C54 Between 30 and 40 years Widowers M | 2 |
| C54 CALVES HEIFERS | 1,001 |
| C55 Between 30 and 40 years Married F | 141 |
| C55 HORSES | 827 |
| C56 Between 30 and 40 years Single F | 11 |
| C56 HORSES VAL | 56,700 |
| C57 Between 30 and 40 years Widows F | 5 |
| C57 COLTS FILLIES | 238 |
| C58 Between 30 and 40 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C58 SHEEP | 4,390 |
| C59 SWINE | 1,520 |
| C6 Not Members of Family M | 145 |
| C60 Between 40 and 50 years Married M | 109 |
| C60 TOT VALUE | 120,313 |
| C61 Between 40 and 50 years Single M | 10 |
| C61 BUTTER LB | 83,798 |
| C62 Between 40 and 50 years Widowers M | 4 |
| C62 CHEESE LB | 8,731 |
| C63 Between 40 and 50 years Married F | 90 |
| C64 Between 40 and 50 years Single F | 6 |
| C65 Between 40 and 50 years Widows F | 5 |
| C67 FISH FRESH | 1,480 |
| C68 Between 50 and 60 years Married M | 71 |
| C68 CAR PLEASURE | 191 |
| C69 Between 50 and 60 years Single M | 3 |
| C69 VALUE DOL P | 11,878 |
| C7 Not Members of Family F | 99 |
| C70 Between 50 and 60 years Widowers M | 9 |
| C70 CAR HIRE | 2 |
| C71 Between 50 and 60 years Married F | 50 |
| C71 VALUE DOL H | 116 |
| C72 Between 50 and 60 years Single F | 2 |
| C73 Between 50 and 60 years Widows F | 11 |
| C74 Between 50 and 60 years Deaths M | 2 |
| C76 Between 60 and 70 years Married M | 49 |
| C77 Between 60 and 70 years Single M | 3 |
| C78 Between 60 and 70 years Widowers M | 5 |
| C79 Between 60 and 70 years Married F | 33 |
| C8 Births in 1860 M | 44 |
| C80 Between 60 and 70 years Single F | 1 |
| C81 Between 60 and 70 years Widows F | 13 |
| C82 Between 60 and 70 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C83 Between 60 and 70 years Deaths F | 2 |
| C84 Between 70 and 80 years Married M | 10 |
| C85 Between 70 and 80 years Single M | 1 |
| C86 Between 70 and 80 years Widowers M | 6 |
| C87 Between 70 and 80 years Married F | 5 |
| C89 Between 70 and 80 years Widows F | 10 |
| C9 Births in 1860 F | 48 |
| C90 Between 70 and 80 years Deaths M | 4 |
| C92 Between 80 and 90 years Married M | 4 |
| C93 Between 80 and 90 years Single M | 1 |
| C94 Between 80 and 90 years Widowers M | 1 |
| C97 Between 80 and 90 years Widows F | 5 |
| C98 Between 80 and 90 years Deaths M | 2 |
| C99 Between 80 and 90 years Deaths F | 2 |
| CD NAME | Welland |
| England and Wales | 135 |
| France | 5 |
| Ireland | 60 |
| Natives of Canada Not of French Origin | 2,106 |
| New Brunswick | 21 |
| Prussia German States and Holland | 93 |
| Scotland | 34 |
| United States | 192 |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
ON102007— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_ON151004— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: Q448041
- Wikipedia (EN): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelham,_Ontario
- Wikipédia (FR): https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelham_(Ontario)
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1861 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "Pelham, Ontario (1861 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/pelham-on102007-1861/.