Sandwich W-O, Ontario (1861 census)
Sandwich W-O was a census subdivision in Essex County, Ontario, recorded in the 1861 Census of Canada with a population of 1,816. The administrative centroid was at approximately 42.236°N, 83.053°W.
Population
In 1861, Sandwich W-O had a population of 1,816: 921 male and 895 female residents. Population density was 43.1 people per square mile.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1861 | 1,816 |
| 1871 | 2,228 |
| 1881 | 2,860 |
| 1891 | 2,643 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Boundary continuity (non-identical overlaps)
Spatial polygon overlaps with adjacent census years where the boundary shifted enough that the SAME_AS chain didn't merge them. These show where the territory came from and went to even when it isn't tracked as the same persistent place.
Earlier boundary forms
- In an earlier year, this CSD was contained in Sandwich, 1851 (33.8% share).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1861
In the 1861 census, Sandwich W-O shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1861
The 1861 census recorded 344 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 8 categories. Tables below are collapsible.
Population & families (26 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Female members of the family who are present | 871 |
| Females present who are not members of the family | 24 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 897 |
| Males present who are not members of the family | 24 |
| Number of adult females unable to read or write | 148 |
| Number of adult males unable to read or write | 213 |
| Number of blind males | 1 |
| Number of female births in the past year | 44 |
| Number of females | 895 |
| Number of females attending school | 173 |
| Number of lunatic females | 1 |
| Number of lunatic males | 2 |
| Number of male births in the past year | 32 |
| Number of males | 921 |
| Number of males attending school | 170 |
| Number of married females | 272 |
| Number of married males | 269 |
| Number of single females | 592 |
| Number of single males | 631 |
| Number of widowed females | 31 |
| Number of widowed males | 21 |
| POP FX N.1 | 895 |
| POP MX N.1 | 921 |
| POP TOT | 1,816 |
| POP XX N.1 | 1,816 |
| Total population | 1,816 |
Age structure (57 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of females age 3 to 4 | 36 |
| Number of females aged 1 to 2 | 34 |
| Number of females aged 2 to 3 | 36 |
| Number of females aged 4 to 5 | 26 |
| Number of females aged 5 to 10 | 108 |
| Number of females of unknown age | 3 |
| Number of males aged 1 to 2 | 40 |
| Number of males aged 2 to 3 | 42 |
| Number of males aged 3 to 4 | 28 |
| Number of males aged 4 to 5 | 40 |
| Number of males aged 5 to 10 | 97 |
| Number of males of unknown age | 6 |
| Number of married females aged 15 to 20 | 3 |
| Number of married females aged 20 to 30 | 90 |
| Number of married females aged 30 to 40 | 80 |
| Number of married females aged 40 to 50 | 48 |
| Number of married females aged 50 to 60 | 30 |
| Number of married females aged 60 to 70 | 16 |
| Number of married females aged 70 to 80 | 3 |
| Number of married females aged 80 to 90 | 2 |
| Number of married males aged 20 to 30 | 48 |
| Number of married males aged 30 to 40 | 85 |
| Number of married males aged 40 to 50 | 69 |
| Number of married males aged 50 to 60 | 39 |
| Number of married males aged 60 to 70 | 20 |
| Number of married males aged 70 to 80 | 7 |
| Number of married males aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of single females aged 10 to 15 | 95 |
| Number of single females aged 15 to 20 | 105 |
| Number of single females aged 20 to 30 | 77 |
| Number of single females aged 30 to 40 | 18 |
| Number of single females aged 40 to 50 | 3 |
| Number of single females aged 50 to 60 | 3 |
| Number of single females aged 60 to 70 | 2 |
| Number of single females aged 70 to 80 | 2 |
| Number of single males aged 10 to 15 | 111 |
| Number of single males aged 15 to 20 | 84 |
| Number of single males aged 20 to 30 | 112 |
| Number of single males aged 30 to 40 | 16 |
| Number of single males aged 40 to 50 | 12 |
| Number of single males aged 50 to 60 | 4 |
| Number of single males aged 60 to 70 | 2 |
| Number of single males aged 70 to 80 | 3 |
| Number of single males aged 80 to 90 | 2 |
| Number of widowed females aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Number of widowed females aged 30 to 40 | 3 |
| Number of widowed females aged 40 to 50 | 5 |
| Number of widowed females aged 50 to 60 | 7 |
| Number of widowed females aged 60 to 70 | 9 |
| Number of widowed females aged 70 to 80 | 5 |
| Number of widowed females aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of widowed males aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Number of widowed males aged 30 to 40 | 3 |
| Number of widowed males aged 40 to 50 | 3 |
| Number of widowed males aged 50 to 60 | 6 |
| Number of widowed males aged 60 to 70 | 5 |
| Number of widowed males aged 70 to 80 | 3 |
Ethnic origin (13 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of female negroes or coloured persons | 23 |
| Number of French Canadians | 45 |
| Number of male negroes or coloured persons | 27 |
| Number of negroes or coloured persons | 50 |
| Number of persons native to Canada, not of French origin | 1,425 |
| Number of persons originating in England or Wales | 116 |
| Number of persons originating in France | 15 |
| Number of persons originating in Ireland | 43 |
| Number of persons originating in New Brunswick | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in Newfoundland | 2 |
| Number of persons originating in Russia or Poland | 7 |
| Number of persons originating in Scotland | 24 |
| Number of persons originating in the United States | 138 |
Agriculture (77 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Acres of barley | 95 |
| Acres of buckwheat | 188 |
| Acres of corn | 873 |
| Acres of farmland held by townspeople who are not farmers | 63 |
| Acres of farmland in gardens | 298 |
| Acres of farmland in pasture | 2,076 |
| Acres of farmland in woodland or forest | 8,131 |
| Acres of farmland under crops | 3,768 |
| Acres of farmland under cultivation | 6,142 |
| Acres of land in farms | 14,273 |
| Acres of mangel wurtzel | 1 |
| Acres of oats | 1,161 |
| Acres of peas | 228 |
| Acres of potatoes | 315 |
| Acres of rye | 24 |
| Acres of spring wheat | 269 |
| Acres of turnips | 11 |
| Acres of winter wheat | 588 |
| Barrels of beef produced in the past year | 8 |
| Barrels of pork produced in the past year | 121 |
| Bushels of barley produced in the past year | 1,797 |
| Bushels of beans produced in the past year | 27 |
| Bushels of buckwheat produced in the past year | 4,936 |
| Bushels of carrots produced in the past year | 222 |
| Bushels of corn produced in the past year | 29,411 |
| Bushels of mangel wurtzel produced in the past year | 330 |
| Bushels of oats produced in the past year | 30,787 |
| Bushels of peas produced in the past year | 3,643 |
| Bushels of potatoes produced in the past year | 17,370 |
| Bushels of rye produced in the past year | 345 |
| Bushels of spring wheat produced in the past year | 3,470 |
| Bushels of turnips produced in the past year | 1,172 |
| Bushels of winter wheat produced in the past year | 9,233 |
| C18 WHT FALL AC | 588 |
| C19 WHT FALL BU | 9,233 |
| C20 WHT SP AC | 269 |
| C21 WHT SP BU | 3,470 |
| C22 BAR AC | 95 |
| C23 BAR BU | 1,797 |
| C24 RYE AC | 24 |
| C25 RYE BU | 345 |
| C26 PEA AC | 228 |
| C27 PEA BU | 3,643 |
| C28 OAT AC | 1,161 |
| C29 OAT BU | 30,787 |
| C30 BWT AC | 188 |
| C31 BWT BU | 4,936 |
| C34 POT AC | 315 |
| C35 POT BU | 17,370 |
| C43 HAY TONS | 1,324 |
| C47 WOOL LBS | 2,284 |
| C63 BEEF BAR | 8 |
| C64 PORK BAR | 121 |
| Gallons of cider produced in the past year | 8,956 |
| HRS ov03 V | 25,297 |
| Number of bulls, oxen, or steers | 202 |
| Number of calves and heifers | 445 |
| Number of horses aged 3 years and under | 262 |
| Number of horses aged over 3 years | 603 |
| Number of milk cows | 559 |
| Number of occupants of farms | 191 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres | 13 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres | 39 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres | 63 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres | 54 |
| Number of persons living on farms over 200 acres | 12 |
| Number of persons living on farms under 10 acres | 10 |
| Number of sheep | 1,048 |
| Number of swine | 1,876 |
| Pounds of cheese produced on farms in the past year | 1,810 |
| Pounds of homemade butter | 12,513 |
| Pounds of wool produced on farms in the past year | 2,284 |
| Tons of hay produced in the past year | 1,324 |
| Value of all livestock | 40,085 |
| Value of farm implements in dollars | 11,553 |
| Value of farms (dollars) | 257,745 |
| Value of garden and orchard crops produced in the past year | 5,264 |
Manufacturing & industry (4 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of carriages for pleasure | 69 |
| Value of carriages for pleasure (dollars) | 2,443 |
| Yards of flannel produced in the past year | 137 |
| Yards of fulled cloth produced in the past year | 289 |
Fisheries (1 variable)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Barrels of salted fish sold in the past year | 788 |
Deaths & mortality (14 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 1 to 2 | 4 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 15 to 20 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 30 to 40 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 40 to 50 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of all ages | 10 |
| Deaths in the past year among females under age 1 | 3 |
| Deaths in the past year among males age 3 to 4 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 10 to 15 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 30 to 40 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 40 to 50 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of all ages | 11 |
| Deaths in the past year among males under age 1 | 4 |
| Total number of deaths in the past year | 21 |
Other recorded variables (152 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| C01 TOTAL | 191 |
| C02 OCC UNDR 10 | 10 |
| C03 OCC 10 TO 20 | 13 |
| C04 OCC 20 TO 50 | 63 |
| C05 OCC 50 TO 100 | 54 |
| C06 OCC 100 TO 200 | 39 |
| C07 OCC OVR 200 | 12 |
| C08 HELD | 14,273 |
| C09 UNDR CULT | 6,142 |
| C1 Males | 921 |
| C10 Deaths under 1 year M | 4 |
| C10 UNDR CROP | 3,768 |
| C11 Deaths under 1 year F | 3 |
| C11 UNDR PAST | 2,076 |
| C116 Ages not given M | 6 |
| C117 Ages not given F | 3 |
| C12 GARDENS | 298 |
| C12 Under 2 Years M | 40 |
| C120 Married M | 269 |
| C121 Single M | 631 |
| C122 Widowed M | 21 |
| C123 Total M | 921 |
| C124 Married F | 272 |
| C125 Single F | 592 |
| C126 Widows F | 31 |
| C127 Total F | 895 |
| C128 Grand Total | 1,816 |
| C129 Deaths M | 11 |
| C13 Under 2 Years F | 34 |
| C13 WOOD WILD | 8,131 |
| C130 Deaths F | 10 |
| C131 Deaths Total | 21 |
| C134 Negroes M | 27 |
| C135 Negreos F | 23 |
| C136 Attending School M | 170 |
| C137 Attending School F | 173 |
| C138 Adults unable to read or write M | 213 |
| C139 Adults unable to read or write F | 148 |
| C14 CASH FARM | 257,745 |
| C142 Blind M | 1 |
| C144 Lunatics M | 2 |
| C145 Lunatics F | 1 |
| C15 CASH IMP | 11,553 |
| C15 Deaths under 2 years F | 4 |
| C16 GARDN VALUE | 5,264 |
| C16 Under 3 years M | 42 |
| C17 LAND HELD | 63 |
| C17 Under 3 years F | 36 |
| C2 Females | 895 |
| C20 Under 4 years M | 28 |
| C21 Under 4 years F | 36 |
| C22 Deaths under 4 years M | 1 |
| C24 Under 5 years M | 40 |
| C25 Under 5 years F | 26 |
| C28 Between 5 and 10 Years M | 97 |
| C29 Between 5 and 10 years F | 108 |
| C3 Total | 1,816 |
| C32 INDN CRN AC | 873 |
| C33 Between 10 and 15 years Single M | 111 |
| C33 INDN CRN BU | 29,411 |
| C35 Between 10 and 15 years Single F | 95 |
| C36 Between 10 and 15 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C36 TUR AC | 11 |
| C37 TUR BU | 1,172 |
| C38 CAR BU | 222 |
| C39 Between 15 and 20 years Single M | 84 |
| C39 MAN WURT AC | 1 |
| C4 Members of Family M | 897 |
| C40 Between 15 and 20 years Married F | 3 |
| C40 MAN WURT BU | 330 |
| C41 BEN BU | 27 |
| C41 Between 15 and 20 years Single F | 105 |
| C43 Between 15 and 20 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C44 Between 20 and 30 years Married M | 48 |
| C45 Between 20 and 30 years Single M | 112 |
| C46 Between 20 and 30 years Widowers M | 1 |
| C46 CID GAL | 8,956 |
| C47 Between 20 and 30 years Married F | 90 |
| C48 Between 20 and 30 years Single F | 77 |
| C48 FLLD CLOTH YRDS | 289 |
| C49 Between 20 and 30 years Widows F | 1 |
| C49 FLAN YRDS | 137 |
| C5 Members of Family F | 871 |
| C50 Between 20 and 30 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C52 Between 30 and 40 years Married M | 85 |
| C52 BULLS OX STEERS | 202 |
| C53 Between 30 and 40 years Single M | 16 |
| C53 MILK COWS | 559 |
| C54 Between 30 and 40 years Widowers M | 3 |
| C54 CALVES HEIFERS | 445 |
| C55 Between 30 and 40 years Married F | 80 |
| C55 HORSES | 603 |
| C56 Between 30 and 40 years Single F | 18 |
| C56 HORSES VAL | 25,297 |
| C57 Between 30 and 40 years Widows F | 3 |
| C57 COLTS FILLIES | 262 |
| C58 Between 30 and 40 years Deaths M | 2 |
| C58 SHEEP | 1,048 |
| C59 Between 30 and 40 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C59 SWINE | 1,876 |
| C6 Not Members of Family M | 24 |
| C60 Between 40 and 50 years Married M | 69 |
| C60 TOT VALUE | 40,085 |
| C61 Between 40 and 50 years Single M | 12 |
| C61 BUTTER LB | 12,513 |
| C62 Between 40 and 50 years Widowers M | 3 |
| C62 CHEESE LB | 1,810 |
| C63 Between 40 and 50 years Married F | 48 |
| C64 Between 40 and 50 years Single F | 3 |
| C65 Between 40 and 50 years Widows F | 5 |
| C66 Between 40 and 50 years Deaths M | 2 |
| C66 FISH SALTED | 788 |
| C67 Between 40 and 50 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C68 Between 50 and 60 years Married M | 39 |
| C68 CAR PLEASURE | 69 |
| C69 Between 50 and 60 years Single M | 4 |
| C69 VALUE DOL P | 2,443 |
| C7 Not Members of Family F | 24 |
| C70 Between 50 and 60 years Widowers M | 6 |
| C71 Between 50 and 60 years Married F | 30 |
| C72 Between 50 and 60 years Single F | 3 |
| C73 Between 50 and 60 years Widows F | 7 |
| C76 Between 60 and 70 years Married M | 20 |
| C77 Between 60 and 70 years Single M | 2 |
| C78 Between 60 and 70 years Widowers M | 5 |
| C79 Between 60 and 70 years Married F | 16 |
| C8 Births in 1860 M | 32 |
| C80 Between 60 and 70 years Single F | 2 |
| C81 Between 60 and 70 years Widows F | 9 |
| C84 Between 70 and 80 years Married M | 7 |
| C85 Between 70 and 80 years Single M | 3 |
| C86 Between 70 and 80 years Widowers M | 3 |
| C87 Between 70 and 80 years Married F | 3 |
| C88 Between 70 and 80 years Single F | 2 |
| C89 Between 70 and 80 years Widows F | 5 |
| C9 Births in 1860 F | 44 |
| C92 Between 80 and 90 years Married M | 1 |
| C93 Between 80 and 90 years Single M | 2 |
| C95 Between 80 and 90 years Married F | 2 |
| C97 Between 80 and 90 years Widows F | 1 |
| CD NAME | Essex |
| Colored Persons | 50 |
| England and Wales | 116 |
| France | 15 |
| Ireland | 43 |
| Natives of Canada French Origin | 45 |
| Natives of Canada Not of French Origin | 1,425 |
| New Brunswick | 1 |
| Newfoundland | 2 |
| Russia and Poland | 7 |
| Scotland | 24 |
| United States | 138 |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
ON071009— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_ON062005— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: not yet grounded. This page covers a place whose persistent identity has not yet been linked to a Wikidata entity. Identification is via TCP UID and spatial polygon only.
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1861 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "Sandwich W-O, Ontario (1861 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/sandwich-w-o-on071009-1861/.