Southwold, Ontario (1861 census)
Southwold was a census subdivision in Elgin County, Ontario, recorded in the 1861 Census of Canada with a population of 5,467. The community is grounded to Wikidata Q7571481. The administrative centroid was at approximately 42.746°N, 81.315°W.
Population
In 1861, Southwold had a population of 5,467: 2,791 male and 2,676 female residents. Population density was 42.9 people per square mile.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 5,063 |
| 1861 | 5,467 |
| 1871 | 5,559 |
| 1881 | 5,206 |
| 1891 | 4,766 |
| 1901 | 4,338 |
| 1911 | 3,933 |
| 1921 | 3,642 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1861
In the 1861 census, Southwold shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1861
The 1861 census recorded 378 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 8 categories. Tables below are collapsible.
Population & families (28 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Female members of the family who are present | 2,458 |
| Females present who are not members of the family | 218 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 2,541 |
| Males present who are not members of the family | 250 |
| Number of adult females unable to read or write | 25 |
| Number of adult males unable to read or write | 26 |
| Number of deaf and dumb females | 3 |
| Number of deaf and dumb males | 3 |
| Number of female births in the past year | 85 |
| Number of females | 2,676 |
| Number of females attending school | 542 |
| Number of lunatic females | 2 |
| Number of lunatic males | 3 |
| Number of male births in the past year | 73 |
| Number of males | 2,791 |
| Number of males attending school | 613 |
| Number of married females | 823 |
| Number of married males | 826 |
| Number of persons at sea | 1 |
| Number of single females | 1,755 |
| Number of single males | 1,898 |
| Number of widowed females | 98 |
| Number of widowed males | 67 |
| POP FX N.1 | 2,676 |
| POP MX N.1 | 2,791 |
| POP TOT | 5,467 |
| POP XX N.1 | 5,467 |
| Total population | 5,467 |
Age structure (61 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of females age 3 to 4 | 73 |
| Number of females aged 1 to 2 | 79 |
| Number of females aged 2 to 3 | 82 |
| Number of females aged 4 to 5 | 76 |
| Number of females aged 5 to 10 | 363 |
| Number of females of unknown age | 6 |
| Number of males aged 1 to 2 | 101 |
| Number of males aged 2 to 3 | 84 |
| Number of males aged 3 to 4 | 88 |
| Number of males aged 4 to 5 | 77 |
| Number of males aged 5 to 10 | 349 |
| Number of males of unknown age | 4 |
| Number of married females aged 15 to 20 | 19 |
| Number of married females aged 20 to 30 | 236 |
| Number of married females aged 30 to 40 | 244 |
| Number of married females aged 40 to 50 | 157 |
| Number of married females aged 50 to 60 | 104 |
| Number of married females aged 60 to 70 | 51 |
| Number of married females aged 70 to 80 | 10 |
| Number of married females aged 80 to 90 | 2 |
| Number of married males aged 15 to 20 | 2 |
| Number of married males aged 20 to 30 | 144 |
| Number of married males aged 30 to 40 | 232 |
| Number of married males aged 40 to 50 | 187 |
| Number of married males aged 50 to 60 | 115 |
| Number of married males aged 60 to 70 | 110 |
| Number of married males aged 70 to 80 | 34 |
| Number of married males aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of married males over 100 | 1 |
| Number of single females aged 10 to 15 | 362 |
| Number of single females aged 15 to 20 | 337 |
| Number of single females aged 20 to 30 | 242 |
| Number of single females aged 30 to 40 | 24 |
| Number of single females aged 40 to 50 | 14 |
| Number of single females aged 50 to 60 | 4 |
| Number of single females aged 60 to 70 | 4 |
| Number of single females aged 70 to 80 | 2 |
| Number of single females aged 80 to 90 | 2 |
| Number of single males aged 10 to 15 | 399 |
| Number of single males aged 15 to 20 | 315 |
| Number of single males aged 20 to 30 | 314 |
| Number of single males aged 30 to 40 | 57 |
| Number of single males aged 40 to 50 | 22 |
| Number of single males aged 50 to 60 | 6 |
| Number of single males aged 60 to 70 | 6 |
| Number of single males aged 70 to 80 | 3 |
| Number of widowed females aged 20 to 30 | 5 |
| Number of widowed females aged 30 to 40 | 11 |
| Number of widowed females aged 40 to 50 | 19 |
| Number of widowed females aged 50 to 60 | 23 |
| Number of widowed females aged 60 to 70 | 22 |
| Number of widowed females aged 70 to 80 | 19 |
| Number of widowed females aged 80 to 90 | 7 |
| Number of widowed females aged 90 to 100 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 20 to 30 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 30 to 40 | 8 |
| Number of widowed males aged 40 to 50 | 11 |
| Number of widowed males aged 50 to 60 | 13 |
| Number of widowed males aged 60 to 70 | 18 |
| Number of widowed males aged 70 to 80 | 11 |
| Number of widowed males aged 80 to 90 | 4 |
Ethnic origin (14 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of French Canadians | 4 |
| Number of persons native to Canada, not of French origin | 3,765 |
| Number of persons originating in England or Wales | 463 |
| Number of persons originating in France | 2 |
| Number of persons originating in Germany or Holland | 36 |
| Number of persons originating in Ireland | 573 |
| Number of persons originating in New Brunswick | 18 |
| Number of persons originating in Newfoundland | 5 |
| Number of persons originating in Nova Scotia or Prince Edward Island | 56 |
| Number of persons originating in Scotland | 335 |
| Number of persons originating in Switzerland | 3 |
| Number of persons originating in the United States | 194 |
| Number of persons originating in the West Indies | 1 |
| Number of persons whose origin is unknown | 11 |
Agriculture (81 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Acres of barley | 1,216 |
| Acres of buckwheat | 354 |
| Acres of corn | 627 |
| Acres of farmland held by townspeople who are not farmers | 316 |
| Acres of farmland in gardens | 597 |
| Acres of farmland in pasture | 11,145 |
| Acres of farmland in woodland or forest | 30,529 |
| Acres of farmland under crops | 19,815 |
| Acres of farmland under cultivation | 31,557 |
| Acres of land in farms | 62,086 |
| Acres of mangel wurtzel | 7 |
| Acres of oats | 3,905 |
| Acres of peas | 3,981 |
| Acres of potatoes | 591 |
| Acres of rye | 169 |
| Acres of spring wheat | 2,325 |
| Acres of turnips | 174 |
| Acres of winter wheat | 2,066 |
| Barrels of beef produced in the past year | 384 |
| Barrels of pork produced in the past year | 1,745 |
| Bushels of barley produced in the past year | 33,357 |
| Bushels of beans produced in the past year | 89 |
| Bushels of buckwheat produced in the past year | 6,213 |
| Bushels of carrots produced in the past year | 4,370 |
| Bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed produced in the past year | 878 |
| Bushels of corn produced in the past year | 14,108 |
| Bushels of mangel wurtzel produced in the past year | 2,040 |
| Bushels of oats produced in the past year | 151,687 |
| Bushels of peas produced in the past year | 90,692 |
| Bushels of potatoes produced in the past year | 48,577 |
| Bushels of rye produced in the past year | 2,592 |
| Bushels of spring wheat produced in the past year | 36,357 |
| Bushels of turnips produced in the past year | 39,478 |
| Bushels of winter wheat produced in the past year | 24,782 |
| C18 WHT FALL AC | 2,066 |
| C19 WHT FALL BU | 24,782 |
| C20 WHT SP AC | 2,325 |
| C21 WHT SP BU | 36,357 |
| C22 BAR AC | 1,216 |
| C23 BAR BU | 33,357 |
| C24 RYE AC | 169 |
| C25 RYE BU | 2,592 |
| C26 PEA AC | 3,981 |
| C27 PEA BU | 90,692 |
| C28 OAT AC | 3,905 |
| C29 OAT BU | 151,687 |
| C30 BWT AC | 354 |
| C31 BWT BU | 6,213 |
| C34 POT AC | 591 |
| C35 POT BU | 48,577 |
| C43 HAY TONS | 6,235 |
| C47 WOOL LBS | 35,786 |
| C63 BEEF BAR | 384 |
| C64 PORK BAR | 1,745 |
| Gallons of cider produced in the past year | 20,642 |
| HRS ov03 V | 75,045 |
| Number of bulls, oxen, or steers | 253 |
| Number of calves and heifers | 3,477 |
| Number of horses aged 3 years and under | 536 |
| Number of horses aged over 3 years | 1,558 |
| Number of milk cows | 2,650 |
| Number of occupants of farms | 404 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres | 27 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres | 74 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres | 83 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres | 196 |
| Number of persons living on farms over 200 acres | 9 |
| Number of persons living on farms under 10 acres | 15 |
| Number of sheep | 10,321 |
| Number of swine | 4,289 |
| Pounds of cheese produced on farms in the past year | 12,370 |
| Pounds of flax or hemp produced in the past year | 257 |
| Pounds of homemade butter | 162,655 |
| Pounds of hops produced in the past year | 13 |
| Pounds of maple sugar produced in the past year | 35,091 |
| Pounds of wool produced on farms in the past year | 35,786 |
| Tons of hay produced in the past year | 6,235 |
| Value of all livestock | 217,570 |
| Value of farm implements in dollars | 54,514 |
| Value of farms (dollars) | 1,446,815 |
| Value of garden and orchard crops produced in the past year | 7,502 |
Manufacturing & industry (5 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of carriages for pleasure | 290 |
| Value of carriages for pleasure (dollars) | 17,470 |
| Yards of flannel produced in the past year | 10,548 |
| Yards of fulled cloth produced in the past year | 1,851 |
| Yards of linen produced in the past year | 20 |
Fisheries (1 variable)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Barrels of salted fish sold in the past year | 7 |
Deaths & mortality (19 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 1 to 2 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 10 to 15 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 15 to 20 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 20 to 30 | 5 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 30 to 40 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 40 to 50 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 5 to 10 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 60 to 70 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 70 to 80 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 90 to 100 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of all ages | 21 |
| Deaths in the past year among females under age 1 | 5 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 10 to 15 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 15 to 20 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 30 to 40 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of all ages | 9 |
| Deaths in the past year among males under age 1 | 4 |
| Total number of deaths in the past year | 30 |
Other recorded variables (169 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| At Sea | 1 |
| C01 TOTAL | 404 |
| C02 OCC UNDR 10 | 15 |
| C03 OCC 10 TO 20 | 27 |
| C04 OCC 20 TO 50 | 83 |
| C05 OCC 50 TO 100 | 196 |
| C06 OCC 100 TO 200 | 74 |
| C07 OCC OVR 200 | 9 |
| C08 HELD | 62,086 |
| C09 UNDR CULT | 31,557 |
| C1 Males | 2,791 |
| C10 Deaths under 1 year M | 4 |
| C10 UNDR CROP | 19,815 |
| C105 Between 90 and 100 years Widows F | 2 |
| C107 Between 90 and 100 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C108 Over 100 years Married M | 1 |
| C11 Deaths under 1 year F | 5 |
| C11 UNDR PAST | 11,145 |
| C116 Ages not given M | 4 |
| C117 Ages not given F | 6 |
| C12 GARDENS | 597 |
| C12 Under 2 Years M | 101 |
| C120 Married M | 826 |
| C121 Single M | 1,898 |
| C122 Widowed M | 67 |
| C123 Total M | 2,791 |
| C124 Married F | 823 |
| C125 Single F | 1,755 |
| C126 Widows F | 98 |
| C127 Total F | 2,676 |
| C128 Grand Total | 5,467 |
| C129 Deaths M | 9 |
| C13 Under 2 Years F | 79 |
| C13 WOOD WILD | 30,529 |
| C130 Deaths F | 21 |
| C131 Deaths Total | 30 |
| C136 Attending School M | 613 |
| C137 Attending School F | 542 |
| C138 Adults unable to read or write M | 26 |
| C139 Adults unable to read or write F | 25 |
| C14 CASH FARM | 1,446,815 |
| C140 Deaf and Dumb M | 3 |
| C141 Deaf and Dumb F | 3 |
| C144 Lunatics M | 3 |
| C145 Lunatics F | 2 |
| C15 CASH IMP | 54,514 |
| C15 Deaths under 2 years F | 2 |
| C16 GARDN VALUE | 7,502 |
| C16 Under 3 years M | 84 |
| C17 LAND HELD | 316 |
| C17 Under 3 years F | 82 |
| C2 Females | 2,676 |
| C20 Under 4 years M | 88 |
| C21 Under 4 years F | 73 |
| C24 Under 5 years M | 77 |
| C25 Under 5 years F | 76 |
| C28 Between 5 and 10 Years M | 349 |
| C29 Between 5 and 10 years F | 363 |
| C3 Total | 5,467 |
| C31 Deaths between 5 and 10 years F | 2 |
| C32 INDN CRN AC | 627 |
| C33 Between 10 and 15 years Single M | 399 |
| C33 INDN CRN BU | 14,108 |
| C35 Between 10 and 15 years Single F | 362 |
| C36 Between 10 and 15 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C36 TUR AC | 174 |
| C37 Between 10 and 15 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C37 TUR BU | 39,478 |
| C38 Between 15 and 20 years Married M | 2 |
| C38 CAR BU | 4,370 |
| C39 Between 15 and 20 years Single M | 315 |
| C39 MAN WURT AC | 7 |
| C4 Members of Family M | 2,541 |
| C40 Between 15 and 20 years Married F | 19 |
| C40 MAN WURT BU | 2,040 |
| C41 BEN BU | 89 |
| C41 Between 15 and 20 years Single F | 337 |
| C42 Between 15 and 20 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C42 CLV TIM GRA | 878 |
| C43 Between 15 and 20 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C44 Between 20 and 30 years Married M | 144 |
| C44 HOP LBS | 13 |
| C45 Between 20 and 30 years Single M | 314 |
| C45 MPL SGR LBS | 35,091 |
| C46 Between 20 and 30 years Widowers M | 2 |
| C46 CID GAL | 20,642 |
| C47 Between 20 and 30 years Married F | 236 |
| C48 Between 20 and 30 years Single F | 242 |
| C48 FLLD CLOTH YRDS | 1,851 |
| C49 Between 20 and 30 years Widows F | 5 |
| C49 FLAN YRDS | 10,548 |
| C5 Members of Family F | 2,458 |
| C50 Between 20 and 30 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C50 FLX HEM LBS | 257 |
| C51 Between 20 and 30 years Deaths F | 5 |
| C51 LIN YRDS | 20 |
| C52 Between 30 and 40 years Married M | 232 |
| C52 BULLS OX STEERS | 253 |
| C53 Between 30 and 40 years Single M | 57 |
| C53 MILK COWS | 2,650 |
| C54 Between 30 and 40 years Widowers M | 8 |
| C54 CALVES HEIFERS | 3,477 |
| C55 Between 30 and 40 years Married F | 244 |
| C55 HORSES | 1,558 |
| C56 Between 30 and 40 years Single F | 24 |
| C56 HORSES VAL | 75,045 |
| C57 Between 30 and 40 years Widows F | 11 |
| C57 COLTS FILLIES | 536 |
| C58 Between 30 and 40 years Deaths M | 2 |
| C58 SHEEP | 10,321 |
| C59 Between 30 and 40 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C59 SWINE | 4,289 |
| C6 Not Members of Family M | 250 |
| C60 Between 40 and 50 years Married M | 187 |
| C60 TOT VALUE | 217,570 |
| C61 Between 40 and 50 years Single M | 22 |
| C61 BUTTER LB | 162,655 |
| C62 Between 40 and 50 years Widowers M | 11 |
| C62 CHEESE LB | 12,370 |
| C63 Between 40 and 50 years Married F | 157 |
| C64 Between 40 and 50 years Single F | 14 |
| C65 Between 40 and 50 years Widows F | 19 |
| C66 FISH SALTED | 7 |
| C67 Between 40 and 50 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C68 Between 50 and 60 years Married M | 115 |
| C68 CAR PLEASURE | 290 |
| C69 Between 50 and 60 years Single M | 6 |
| C69 VALUE DOL P | 17,470 |
| C7 Not Members of Family F | 218 |
| C70 Between 50 and 60 years Widowers M | 13 |
| C71 Between 50 and 60 years Married F | 104 |
| C72 Between 50 and 60 years Single F | 4 |
| C73 Between 50 and 60 years Widows F | 23 |
| C76 Between 60 and 70 years Married M | 110 |
| C77 Between 60 and 70 years Single M | 6 |
| C78 Between 60 and 70 years Widowers M | 18 |
| C79 Between 60 and 70 years Married F | 51 |
| C8 Births in 1860 M | 73 |
| C80 Between 60 and 70 years Single F | 4 |
| C81 Between 60 and 70 years Widows F | 22 |
| C83 Between 60 and 70 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C84 Between 70 and 80 years Married M | 34 |
| C85 Between 70 and 80 years Single M | 3 |
| C86 Between 70 and 80 years Widowers M | 11 |
| C87 Between 70 and 80 years Married F | 10 |
| C88 Between 70 and 80 years Single F | 2 |
| C89 Between 70 and 80 years Widows F | 19 |
| C9 Births in 1860 F | 85 |
| C91 Between 70 and 80 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C92 Between 80 and 90 years Married M | 1 |
| C94 Between 80 and 90 years Widowers M | 4 |
| C95 Between 80 and 90 years Married F | 2 |
| C96 Between 80 and 90 years Single F | 2 |
| C97 Between 80 and 90 years Widows F | 7 |
| CD NAME | Elgin |
| England and Wales | 463 |
| France | 2 |
| Ireland | 573 |
| Natives of Canada French Origin | 4 |
| Natives of Canada Not of French Origin | 3,765 |
| New Brunswick | 18 |
| Newfoundland | 5 |
| Not Known | 11 |
| Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island | 56 |
| Prussia German States and Holland | 36 |
| Scotland | 335 |
| Switzerland | 3 |
| United States | 194 |
| West Indies | 1 |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
ON070006— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_ON109006— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: Q7571481
- Wikipedia (EN): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwold,_Ontario
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1861 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "Southwold, Ontario (1861 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/on/southwold-on070006-1861/.