Durham, Quebec (1861 census)
Durham was a census subdivision in Drummond County, Quebec, recorded in the 1861 Census of Canada with a population of 3,152. The administrative centroid was at approximately 45.695°N, 72.311°W.
Population
In 1861, Durham had a population of 3,152: 1,622 male and 1,530 female residents. Population density was 31.2 people per square mile.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 2,208 |
| 1861 | 3,152 |
| 1871 | 729 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Boundary continuity (non-identical overlaps)
Spatial polygon overlaps with adjacent census years where the boundary shifted enough that the SAME_AS chain didn't merge them. These show where the territory came from and went to even when it isn't tracked as the same persistent place.
Later boundary forms
- In a later year, this CSD contained Durham, 1871 (20.2% of this CSD's polygon).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1861
In the 1861 census, Durham shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1861
The 1861 census recorded 346 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 8 categories. Tables below are collapsible.
Population & families (27 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Female members of the family who are present | 1,446 |
| Females present who are not members of the family | 84 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 1,493 |
| Males present who are not members of the family | 129 |
| Number of adult females unable to read or write | 183 |
| Number of adult males unable to read or write | 190 |
| Number of blind females | 1 |
| Number of deaf and dumb females | 1 |
| Number of deaf and dumb males | 1 |
| Number of female births in the past year | 59 |
| Number of females | 1,530 |
| Number of females attending school | 347 |
| Number of lunatic males | 1 |
| Number of male births in the past year | 62 |
| Number of males | 1,622 |
| Number of males attending school | 269 |
| Number of married females | 497 |
| Number of married males | 529 |
| Number of single females | 1,003 |
| Number of single males | 1,064 |
| Number of widowed females | 30 |
| Number of widowed males | 29 |
| POP FX N.1 | 1,530 |
| POP MX N.1 | 1,622 |
| POP TOT | 3,152 |
| POP XX N.1 | 3,152 |
| Total population | 3,152 |
Age structure (55 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of females age 3 to 4 | 91 |
| Number of females aged 1 to 2 | 13 |
| Number of females aged 2 to 3 | 79 |
| Number of females aged 4 to 5 | 60 |
| Number of females aged 5 to 10 | 253 |
| Number of males aged 1 to 2 | 19 |
| Number of males aged 2 to 3 | 74 |
| Number of males aged 3 to 4 | 83 |
| Number of males aged 4 to 5 | 58 |
| Number of males aged 5 to 10 | 287 |
| Number of married females aged 10 to 15 | 1 |
| Number of married females aged 15 to 20 | 18 |
| Number of married females aged 20 to 30 | 201 |
| Number of married females aged 30 to 40 | 126 |
| Number of married females aged 40 to 50 | 86 |
| Number of married females aged 50 to 60 | 40 |
| Number of married females aged 60 to 70 | 21 |
| Number of married females aged 70 to 80 | 3 |
| Number of married females aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of married males aged 15 to 20 | 5 |
| Number of married males aged 20 to 30 | 150 |
| Number of married males aged 30 to 40 | 166 |
| Number of married males aged 40 to 50 | 111 |
| Number of married males aged 50 to 60 | 63 |
| Number of married males aged 60 to 70 | 21 |
| Number of married males aged 70 to 80 | 11 |
| Number of married males aged 80 to 90 | 2 |
| Number of single females aged 10 to 15 | 192 |
| Number of single females aged 15 to 20 | 138 |
| Number of single females aged 20 to 30 | 69 |
| Number of single females aged 30 to 40 | 12 |
| Number of single females aged 40 to 50 | 5 |
| Number of single females aged 50 to 60 | 3 |
| Number of single females aged 60 to 70 | 6 |
| Number of single females aged 70 to 80 | 2 |
| Number of single males aged 10 to 15 | 197 |
| Number of single males aged 15 to 20 | 136 |
| Number of single males aged 20 to 30 | 123 |
| Number of single males aged 30 to 40 | 19 |
| Number of single males aged 40 to 50 | 5 |
| Number of single males aged 70 to 80 | 1 |
| Number of widowed females aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Number of widowed females aged 30 to 40 | 5 |
| Number of widowed females aged 40 to 50 | 5 |
| Number of widowed females aged 50 to 60 | 9 |
| Number of widowed females aged 60 to 70 | 5 |
| Number of widowed females aged 70 to 80 | 4 |
| Number of widowed females aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of widowed males aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Number of widowed males aged 30 to 40 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 40 to 50 | 4 |
| Number of widowed males aged 50 to 60 | 5 |
| Number of widowed males aged 60 to 70 | 12 |
| Number of widowed males aged 70 to 80 | 4 |
| Number of widowed males aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
Ethnic origin (10 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of French Canadians | 566 |
| Number of persons native to Canada, not of French origin | 2,000 |
| Number of persons originating in England or Wales | 86 |
| Number of persons originating in France | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in Ireland | 371 |
| Number of persons originating in Italy or Greece | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in Nova Scotia or Prince Edward Island | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in Scotland | 71 |
| Number of persons originating in the United States | 54 |
| Number of persons originating in the West Indies | 1 |
Agriculture (78 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Acres of barley | 46 |
| Acres of buckwheat | 478 |
| Acres of corn | 146 |
| Acres of farmland in gardens | 27 |
| Acres of farmland in pasture | 5,952 |
| Acres of farmland in woodland or forest | 23,457 |
| Acres of farmland under crops | 9,968 |
| Acres of farmland under cultivation | 15,947 |
| Acres of land in farms | 39,404 |
| Acres of oats | 2,905 |
| Acres of peas | 95 |
| Acres of potatoes | 505 |
| Acres of rye | 119 |
| Acres of spring wheat | 966 |
| Acres of turnips | 169 |
| Acres of winter wheat | 1 |
| Barrels of beef produced in the past year | 246 |
| Barrels of pork produced in the past year | 549 |
| Bushels of barley produced in the past year | 636 |
| Bushels of beans produced in the past year | 182 |
| Bushels of buckwheat produced in the past year | 12,779 |
| Bushels of carrots produced in the past year | 1,639 |
| Bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed produced in the past year | 92 |
| Bushels of corn produced in the past year | 3,216 |
| Bushels of mangel wurtzel produced in the past year | 12 |
| Bushels of oats produced in the past year | 84,058 |
| Bushels of peas produced in the past year | 1,402 |
| Bushels of potatoes produced in the past year | 65,376 |
| Bushels of rye produced in the past year | 1,872 |
| Bushels of spring wheat produced in the past year | 16,214 |
| Bushels of turnips produced in the past year | 31,530 |
| Bushels of winter wheat produced in the past year | 9 |
| C18 WHT FALL AC | 1 |
| C19 WHT FALL BU | 9 |
| C20 WHT SP AC | 966 |
| C21 WHT SP BU | 16,214 |
| C22 BAR AC | 46 |
| C23 BAR BU | 636 |
| C24 RYE AC | 119 |
| C25 RYE BU | 1,872 |
| C26 PEA AC | 95 |
| C27 PEA BU | 1,402 |
| C28 OAT AC | 2,905 |
| C29 OAT BU | 84,058 |
| C30 BWT AC | 478 |
| C31 BWT BU | 12,779 |
| C34 POT AC | 505 |
| C35 POT BU | 65,376 |
| C43 HAY TONS | 2,749 |
| C47 WOOL LBS | 10,422 |
| C63 BEEF BAR | 246 |
| C64 PORK BAR | 549 |
| HRS ov03 V | 34,822 |
| Number of bulls, oxen, or steers | 348 |
| Number of calves and heifers | 1,592 |
| Number of horses aged 3 years and under | 224 |
| Number of horses aged over 3 years | 475 |
| Number of milk cows | 1,405 |
| Number of occupants of farms | 408 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres | 4 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres | 62 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres | 139 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres | 185 |
| Number of persons living on farms over 200 acres | 16 |
| Number of persons living on farms under 10 acres | 2 |
| Number of sheep | 2,434 |
| Number of swine | 970 |
| Pounds of cheese produced on farms in the past year | 1,438 |
| Pounds of flax or hemp produced in the past year | 712 |
| Pounds of homemade butter | 109,767 |
| Pounds of hops produced in the past year | 169 |
| Pounds of maple sugar produced in the past year | 55,433 |
| Pounds of wool produced on farms in the past year | 10,422 |
| Tons of hay produced in the past year | 2,749 |
| Value of all livestock | 113,768 |
| Value of farm implements in dollars | 16,917 |
| Value of farms (dollars) | 439,525 |
| Value of garden and orchard crops produced in the past year | 383 |
Manufacturing & industry (5 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of carriages for pleasure | 332 |
| Value of carriages for pleasure (dollars) | 11,863 |
| Yards of flannel produced in the past year | 7,379 |
| Yards of fulled cloth produced in the past year | 1,878 |
| Yards of linen produced in the past year | 768 |
Fisheries (1 variable)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Barrels of salted fish sold in the past year | 2 |
Deaths & mortality (17 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 1 to 2 | 3 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 10 to 15 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 30 to 40 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 4 to 5 | 3 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 5 to 10 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of all ages | 15 |
| Deaths in the past year among females under age 1 | 3 |
| Deaths in the past year among males age 3 to 4 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 1 to 2 | 3 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 10 to 15 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 4 to 5 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 5 to 10 | 6 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 60 to 70 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of all ages | 20 |
| Deaths in the past year among males under age 1 | 4 |
| Total number of deaths in the past year | 35 |
Other recorded variables (153 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| C01 TOTAL | 408 |
| C02 OCC UNDR 10 | 2 |
| C03 OCC 10 TO 20 | 4 |
| C04 OCC 20 TO 50 | 139 |
| C05 OCC 50 TO 100 | 185 |
| C06 OCC 100 TO 200 | 62 |
| C07 OCC OVR 200 | 16 |
| C08 HELD | 39,404 |
| C09 UNDR CULT | 15,947 |
| C1 Males | 1,622 |
| C10 Deaths under 1 year M | 4 |
| C10 UNDR CROP | 9,968 |
| C11 Deaths under 1 year F | 3 |
| C11 UNDR PAST | 5,952 |
| C12 GARDENS | 27 |
| C12 Under 2 Years M | 19 |
| C120 Married M | 529 |
| C121 Single M | 1,064 |
| C122 Widowed M | 29 |
| C123 Total M | 1,622 |
| C124 Married F | 497 |
| C125 Single F | 1,003 |
| C126 Widows F | 30 |
| C127 Total F | 1,530 |
| C128 Grand Total | 3,152 |
| C129 Deaths M | 20 |
| C13 Under 2 Years F | 13 |
| C13 WOOD WILD | 23,457 |
| C130 Deaths F | 15 |
| C131 Deaths Total | 35 |
| C136 Attending School M | 269 |
| C137 Attending School F | 347 |
| C138 Adults unable to read or write M | 190 |
| C139 Adults unable to read or write F | 183 |
| C14 CASH FARM | 439,525 |
| C14 Deaths under 2 years M | 3 |
| C140 Deaf and Dumb M | 1 |
| C141 Deaf and Dumb F | 1 |
| C143 Blind F | 1 |
| C144 Lunatics M | 1 |
| C15 CASH IMP | 16,917 |
| C15 Deaths under 2 years F | 3 |
| C16 GARDN VALUE | 383 |
| C16 Under 3 years M | 74 |
| C17 Under 3 years F | 79 |
| C2 Females | 1,530 |
| C20 Under 4 years M | 83 |
| C21 Under 4 years F | 91 |
| C22 Deaths under 4 years M | 1 |
| C24 Under 5 years M | 58 |
| C25 Under 5 years F | 60 |
| C26 Deaths under 5 years M | 2 |
| C27 Deaths under 5 years F | 3 |
| C28 Between 5 and 10 Years M | 287 |
| C29 Between 5 and 10 years F | 253 |
| C3 Total | 3,152 |
| C30 Deaths between 5 and 10 years M | 6 |
| C31 Deaths between 5 and 10 years F | 2 |
| C32 INDN CRN AC | 146 |
| C33 Between 10 and 15 years Single M | 197 |
| C33 INDN CRN BU | 3,216 |
| C34 Between 10 and 15 years Married F | 1 |
| C35 Between 10 and 15 years Single F | 192 |
| C36 Between 10 and 15 years Deaths M | 2 |
| C36 TUR AC | 169 |
| C37 Between 10 and 15 years Deaths F | 2 |
| C37 TUR BU | 31,530 |
| C38 Between 15 and 20 years Married M | 5 |
| C38 CAR BU | 1,639 |
| C39 Between 15 and 20 years Single M | 136 |
| C4 Members of Family M | 1,493 |
| C40 Between 15 and 20 years Married F | 18 |
| C40 MAN WURT BU | 12 |
| C41 BEN BU | 182 |
| C41 Between 15 and 20 years Single F | 138 |
| C42 CLV TIM GRA | 92 |
| C44 Between 20 and 30 years Married M | 150 |
| C44 HOP LBS | 169 |
| C45 Between 20 and 30 years Single M | 123 |
| C45 MPL SGR LBS | 55,433 |
| C46 Between 20 and 30 years Widowers M | 1 |
| C47 Between 20 and 30 years Married F | 201 |
| C48 Between 20 and 30 years Single F | 69 |
| C48 FLLD CLOTH YRDS | 1,878 |
| C49 Between 20 and 30 years Widows F | 1 |
| C49 FLAN YRDS | 7,379 |
| C5 Members of Family F | 1,446 |
| C50 Between 20 and 30 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C50 FLX HEM LBS | 712 |
| C51 LIN YRDS | 768 |
| C52 Between 30 and 40 years Married M | 166 |
| C52 BULLS OX STEERS | 348 |
| C53 Between 30 and 40 years Single M | 19 |
| C53 MILK COWS | 1,405 |
| C54 Between 30 and 40 years Widowers M | 2 |
| C54 CALVES HEIFERS | 1,592 |
| C55 Between 30 and 40 years Married F | 126 |
| C55 HORSES | 475 |
| C56 Between 30 and 40 years Single F | 12 |
| C56 HORSES VAL | 34,822 |
| C57 Between 30 and 40 years Widows F | 5 |
| C57 COLTS FILLIES | 224 |
| C58 SHEEP | 2,434 |
| C59 Between 30 and 40 years Deaths F | 2 |
| C59 SWINE | 970 |
| C6 Not Members of Family M | 129 |
| C60 Between 40 and 50 years Married M | 111 |
| C60 TOT VALUE | 113,768 |
| C61 Between 40 and 50 years Single M | 5 |
| C61 BUTTER LB | 109,767 |
| C62 Between 40 and 50 years Widowers M | 4 |
| C62 CHEESE LB | 1,438 |
| C63 Between 40 and 50 years Married F | 86 |
| C64 Between 40 and 50 years Single F | 5 |
| C65 Between 40 and 50 years Widows F | 5 |
| C66 FISH SALTED | 2 |
| C68 Between 50 and 60 years Married M | 63 |
| C68 CAR PLEASURE | 332 |
| C69 VALUE DOL P | 11,863 |
| C7 Not Members of Family F | 84 |
| C70 Between 50 and 60 years Widowers M | 5 |
| C71 Between 50 and 60 years Married F | 40 |
| C72 Between 50 and 60 years Single F | 3 |
| C73 Between 50 and 60 years Widows F | 9 |
| C76 Between 60 and 70 years Married M | 21 |
| C78 Between 60 and 70 years Widowers M | 12 |
| C79 Between 60 and 70 years Married F | 21 |
| C8 Births in 1860 M | 62 |
| C80 Between 60 and 70 years Single F | 6 |
| C81 Between 60 and 70 years Widows F | 5 |
| C82 Between 60 and 70 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C84 Between 70 and 80 years Married M | 11 |
| C85 Between 70 and 80 years Single M | 1 |
| C86 Between 70 and 80 years Widowers M | 4 |
| C87 Between 70 and 80 years Married F | 3 |
| C88 Between 70 and 80 years Single F | 2 |
| C89 Between 70 and 80 years Widows F | 4 |
| C9 Births in 1860 F | 59 |
| C92 Between 80 and 90 years Married M | 2 |
| C94 Between 80 and 90 years Widowers M | 1 |
| C95 Between 80 and 90 years Married F | 1 |
| C97 Between 80 and 90 years Widows F | 1 |
| CD NAME | Drummond |
| England and Wales | 86 |
| France | 1 |
| Ireland | 371 |
| Italy and Greece | 1 |
| Natives of Canada French Origin | 566 |
| Natives of Canada Not of French Origin | 2,000 |
| Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island | 1 |
| Scotland | 71 |
| United States | 54 |
| West Indies | 1 |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
QC018001— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_QC136009— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: not yet grounded. This page covers a place whose persistent identity has not yet been linked to a Wikidata entity. Identification is via TCP UID and spatial polygon only.
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1861 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "Durham, Quebec (1861 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/qc/durham-qc018001-1861/.