Roxton, Quebec (1861 census)
Roxton was a census subdivision in Shefford County, Quebec, recorded in the 1861 Census of Canada with a population of 3,438. The administrative centroid was at approximately 45.530°N, 72.551°W.
Population
In 1861, Roxton had a population of 3,438: 1,794 male and 1,644 female residents. Population density was 31.3 people per square mile.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 1,226 |
| 1861 | 3,438 |
| 1871 | 2,396 |
| 1881 | 2,357 |
| 1891 | 1,765 |
| 1901 | 1,563 |
| 1911 | 1,334 |
| 1921 | 1,298 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Boundary continuity (non-identical overlaps)
Spatial polygon overlaps with adjacent census years where the boundary shifted enough that the SAME_AS chain didn't merge them. These show where the territory came from and went to even when it isn't tracked as the same persistent place.
Later boundary forms
- In a later year, this CSD contained Roxton, 1871 (90.4% of this CSD's polygon).
- In a later year, this CSD contained Roxton Falls, Village, 1871 (1.8% of this CSD's polygon).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1861
In the 1861 census, Roxton shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1861
The 1861 census recorded 363 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 7 categories. Tables below are collapsible.
Population & families (26 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Female members of the family who are present | 1,546 |
| Females present who are not members of the family | 98 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 1,617 |
| Males present who are not members of the family | 177 |
| Number of adult females unable to read or write | 273 |
| Number of adult males unable to read or write | 363 |
| Number of blind males | 3 |
| Number of deaf and dumb females | 2 |
| Number of female births in the past year | 99 |
| Number of females | 1,644 |
| Number of females attending school | 211 |
| Number of lunatic males | 2 |
| Number of male births in the past year | 89 |
| Number of males | 1,794 |
| Number of males attending school | 206 |
| Number of married females | 617 |
| Number of married males | 666 |
| Number of single females | 999 |
| Number of single males | 1,100 |
| Number of widowed females | 28 |
| Number of widowed males | 28 |
| POP FX N.1 | 1,644 |
| POP MX N.1 | 1,794 |
| POP TOT | 3,438 |
| POP XX N.1 | 3,438 |
| Total population | 3,438 |
Age structure (57 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of females age 3 to 4 | 78 |
| Number of females aged 1 to 2 | 71 |
| Number of females aged 2 to 3 | 53 |
| Number of females aged 4 to 5 | 54 |
| Number of females aged 5 to 10 | 226 |
| Number of males aged 1 to 2 | 81 |
| Number of males aged 2 to 3 | 58 |
| Number of males aged 3 to 4 | 58 |
| Number of males aged 4 to 5 | 59 |
| Number of males aged 5 to 10 | 243 |
| Number of married females aged 10 to 15 | 3 |
| Number of married females aged 15 to 20 | 68 |
| Number of married females aged 20 to 30 | 137 |
| Number of married females aged 30 to 40 | 161 |
| Number of married females aged 40 to 50 | 80 |
| Number of married females aged 50 to 60 | 151 |
| Number of married females aged 60 to 70 | 11 |
| Number of married females aged 70 to 80 | 5 |
| Number of married females aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of married males aged 10 to 15 | 1 |
| Number of married males aged 15 to 20 | 16 |
| Number of married males aged 20 to 30 | 254 |
| Number of married males aged 30 to 40 | 184 |
| Number of married males aged 40 to 50 | 109 |
| Number of married males aged 50 to 60 | 66 |
| Number of married males aged 60 to 70 | 22 |
| Number of married males aged 70 to 80 | 13 |
| Number of married males aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of single females aged 10 to 15 | 193 |
| Number of single females aged 15 to 20 | 156 |
| Number of single females aged 20 to 30 | 42 |
| Number of single females aged 30 to 40 | 16 |
| Number of single females aged 40 to 50 | 5 |
| Number of single females aged 50 to 60 | 2 |
| Number of single females aged 60 to 70 | 3 |
| Number of single females aged 70 to 80 | 1 |
| Number of single males aged 10 to 15 | 202 |
| Number of single males aged 15 to 20 | 161 |
| Number of single males aged 20 to 30 | 113 |
| Number of single males aged 30 to 40 | 17 |
| Number of single males aged 40 to 50 | 6 |
| Number of single males aged 50 to 60 | 2 |
| Number of single males aged 60 to 70 | 8 |
| Number of single males aged 70 to 80 | 3 |
| Number of widowed females aged 20 to 30 | 4 |
| Number of widowed females aged 30 to 40 | 2 |
| Number of widowed females aged 40 to 50 | 3 |
| Number of widowed females aged 50 to 60 | 4 |
| Number of widowed females aged 60 to 70 | 9 |
| Number of widowed females aged 70 to 80 | 6 |
| Number of widowed males aged 20 to 30 | 4 |
| Number of widowed males aged 30 to 40 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 40 to 50 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 50 to 60 | 5 |
| Number of widowed males aged 60 to 70 | 4 |
| Number of widowed males aged 70 to 80 | 8 |
| Number of widowed males aged 80 to 90 | 3 |
Ethnic origin (8 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of female negroes or coloured persons | 9 |
| Number of French Canadians | 3,025 |
| Number of persons native to Canada, not of French origin | 282 |
| Number of persons originating in England or Wales | 22 |
| Number of persons originating in Ireland | 17 |
| Number of persons originating in New Brunswick | 8 |
| Number of persons originating in Scotland | 10 |
| Number of persons originating in the United States | 74 |
Agriculture (80 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Acres of barley | 117 |
| Acres of buckwheat | 349 |
| Acres of corn | 55 |
| Acres of farmland held by townspeople who are not farmers | 35 |
| Acres of farmland in gardens | 48 |
| Acres of farmland in pasture | 2,031 |
| Acres of farmland in woodland or forest | 20,839 |
| Acres of farmland under crops | 5,619 |
| Acres of farmland under cultivation | 7,698 |
| Acres of land in farms | 28,537 |
| Acres of mangel wurtzel | 10 |
| Acres of oats | 1,187 |
| Acres of peas | 193 |
| Acres of potatoes | 348 |
| Acres of rye | 133 |
| Acres of spring wheat | 224 |
| Acres of turnips | 35 |
| Acres of winter wheat | 2 |
| Barrels of beef produced in the past year | 276 |
| Barrels of pork produced in the past year | 640 |
| Bushels of barley produced in the past year | 1,454 |
| Bushels of beans produced in the past year | 167 |
| Bushels of buckwheat produced in the past year | 5,856 |
| Bushels of carrots produced in the past year | 396 |
| Bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed produced in the past year | 89 |
| Bushels of corn produced in the past year | 1,999 |
| Bushels of mangel wurtzel produced in the past year | 183 |
| Bushels of oats produced in the past year | 22,474 |
| Bushels of peas produced in the past year | 2,219 |
| Bushels of potatoes produced in the past year | 29,916 |
| Bushels of rye produced in the past year | 1,606 |
| Bushels of spring wheat produced in the past year | 3,204 |
| Bushels of turnips produced in the past year | 3,432 |
| Bushels of winter wheat produced in the past year | 12 |
| C18 WHT FALL AC | 2 |
| C19 WHT FALL BU | 12 |
| C20 WHT SP AC | 224 |
| C21 WHT SP BU | 3,204 |
| C22 BAR AC | 117 |
| C23 BAR BU | 1,454 |
| C24 RYE AC | 133 |
| C25 RYE BU | 1,606 |
| C26 PEA AC | 193 |
| C27 PEA BU | 2,219 |
| C28 OAT AC | 1,187 |
| C29 OAT BU | 22,474 |
| C30 BWT AC | 349 |
| C31 BWT BU | 5,856 |
| C34 POT AC | 348 |
| C35 POT BU | 29,916 |
| C43 HAY TONS | 1,272 |
| C47 WOOL LBS | 4,023 |
| C63 BEEF BAR | 276 |
| C64 PORK BAR | 342 |
| Gallons of cider produced in the past year | 979 |
| HRS ov03 V | 34,929 |
| Number of bulls, oxen, or steers | 215 |
| Number of calves and heifers | 485 |
| Number of horses aged 3 years and under | 74 |
| Number of horses aged over 3 years | 410 |
| Number of milk cows | 543 |
| Number of occupants of farms | 407 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres | 12 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres | 48 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres | 108 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres | 165 |
| Number of persons living on farms over 200 acres | 9 |
| Number of persons living on farms under 10 acres | 65 |
| Number of sheep | 915 |
| Number of swine | 340 |
| Pounds of cheese produced on farms in the past year | 730 |
| Pounds of flax or hemp produced in the past year | 473 |
| Pounds of homemade butter | 43,055 |
| Pounds of hops produced in the past year | 558 |
| Pounds of maple sugar produced in the past year | 56,243 |
| Pounds of wool produced on farms in the past year | 4,023 |
| Tons of hay produced in the past year | 1,272 |
| Value of all livestock | 60,655 |
| Value of farm implements in dollars | 18,681 |
| Value of farms (dollars) | 346,235 |
Manufacturing & industry (7 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of carriages for hire | 28 |
| Number of carriages for pleasure | 577 |
| Value of carriages for hire (dollars) | 940 |
| Value of carriages for pleasure (dollars) | 15,611 |
| Yards of flannel produced in the past year | 2,182 |
| Yards of fulled cloth produced in the past year | 3,327 |
| Yards of linen produced in the past year | 493 |
Deaths & mortality (23 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 1 to 2 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 10 to 15 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 2 to 3 | 6 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 20 to 30 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 3 to 4 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 30 to 40 | 3 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 5 to 10 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 50 to 60 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 60 to 70 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of all ages | 30 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of unknown age | 3 |
| Deaths in the past year among females under age 1 | 9 |
| Deaths in the past year among males age 3 to 4 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 1 to 2 | 3 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 15 to 20 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 2 to 3 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 5 to 10 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 70 to 80 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of all ages | 25 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of unknown age | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among males under age 1 | 12 |
| Total number of deaths in the past year | 55 |
Other recorded variables (162 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| C01 TOTAL | 407 |
| C02 OCC UNDR 10 | 65 |
| C03 OCC 10 TO 20 | 12 |
| C04 OCC 20 TO 50 | 108 |
| C05 OCC 50 TO 100 | 165 |
| C06 OCC 100 TO 200 | 48 |
| C07 OCC OVR 200 | 9 |
| C08 HELD | 28,537 |
| C09 UNDR CULT | 7,698 |
| C1 Males | 1,794 |
| C10 Deaths under 1 year M | 12 |
| C10 UNDR CROP | 5,619 |
| C11 Deaths under 1 year F | 9 |
| C11 UNDR PAST | 2,031 |
| C118 Ages not given Deaths M | 2 |
| C119 Ages not given Deaths F | 3 |
| C12 GARDENS | 48 |
| C12 Under 2 Years M | 81 |
| C120 Married M | 666 |
| C121 Single M | 1,100 |
| C122 Widowed M | 28 |
| C123 Total M | 1,794 |
| C124 Married F | 617 |
| C125 Single F | 999 |
| C126 Widows F | 28 |
| C127 Total F | 1,644 |
| C128 Grand Total | 3,438 |
| C129 Deaths M | 25 |
| C13 Under 2 Years F | 71 |
| C13 WOOD WILD | 20,839 |
| C130 Deaths F | 30 |
| C131 Deaths Total | 55 |
| C135 Negreos F | 9 |
| C136 Attending School M | 206 |
| C137 Attending School F | 211 |
| C138 Adults unable to read or write M | 363 |
| C139 Adults unable to read or write F | 273 |
| C14 CASH FARM | 346,235 |
| C14 Deaths under 2 years M | 3 |
| C141 Deaf and Dumb F | 2 |
| C142 Blind M | 3 |
| C144 Lunatics M | 2 |
| C15 CASH IMP | 18,681 |
| C15 Deaths under 2 years F | 1 |
| C16 Under 3 years M | 58 |
| C17 LAND HELD | 35 |
| C17 Under 3 years F | 53 |
| C18 Deaths under 3 years M | 1 |
| C19 Deaths under 3 years F | 6 |
| C2 Females | 1,644 |
| C20 Under 4 years M | 58 |
| C21 Under 4 years F | 78 |
| C22 Deaths under 4 years M | 1 |
| C23 Deaths under 4 years F | 1 |
| C24 Under 5 years M | 59 |
| C25 Under 5 years F | 54 |
| C28 Between 5 and 10 Years M | 243 |
| C29 Between 5 and 10 years F | 226 |
| C3 Total | 3,438 |
| C30 Deaths between 5 and 10 years M | 2 |
| C31 Deaths between 5 and 10 years F | 1 |
| C32 Between 10 and 15 years Married M | 1 |
| C32 INDN CRN AC | 55 |
| C33 Between 10 and 15 years Single M | 202 |
| C33 INDN CRN BU | 1,999 |
| C34 Between 10 and 15 years Married F | 3 |
| C35 Between 10 and 15 years Single F | 193 |
| C36 TUR AC | 35 |
| C37 Between 10 and 15 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C37 TUR BU | 3,432 |
| C38 Between 15 and 20 years Married M | 16 |
| C38 CAR BU | 396 |
| C39 Between 15 and 20 years Single M | 161 |
| C39 MAN WURT AC | 10 |
| C4 Members of Family M | 1,617 |
| C40 Between 15 and 20 years Married F | 68 |
| C40 MAN WURT BU | 183 |
| C41 BEN BU | 167 |
| C41 Between 15 and 20 years Single F | 156 |
| C42 Between 15 and 20 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C42 CLV TIM GRA | 89 |
| C44 Between 20 and 30 years Married M | 254 |
| C44 HOP LBS | 558 |
| C45 Between 20 and 30 years Single M | 113 |
| C45 MPL SGR LBS | 56,243 |
| C46 Between 20 and 30 years Widowers M | 4 |
| C46 CID GAL | 979 |
| C47 Between 20 and 30 years Married F | 197 |
| C48 Between 20 and 30 years Single F | 42 |
| C48 FLLD CLOTH YRDS | 3,327 |
| C49 Between 20 and 30 years Widows F | 4 |
| C49 FLAN YRDS | 2,182 |
| C5 Members of Family F | 1,546 |
| C50 Between 20 and 30 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C50 FLX HEM LBS | 473 |
| C51 Between 20 and 30 years Deaths F | 2 |
| C51 LIN YRDS | 493 |
| C52 Between 30 and 40 years Married M | 184 |
| C52 BULLS OX STEERS | 215 |
| C53 Between 30 and 40 years Single M | 17 |
| C53 MILK COWS | 543 |
| C54 Between 30 and 40 years Widowers M | 2 |
| C54 CALVES HEIFERS | 485 |
| C55 Between 30 and 40 years Married F | 161 |
| C55 HORSES | 410 |
| C56 Between 30 and 40 years Single F | 16 |
| C56 HORSES VAL | 34,929 |
| C57 Between 30 and 40 years Widows F | 2 |
| C57 COLTS FILLIES | 74 |
| C58 SHEEP | 915 |
| C59 Between 30 and 40 years Deaths F | 3 |
| C59 SWINE | 340 |
| C6 Not Members of Family M | 177 |
| C60 Between 40 and 50 years Married M | 109 |
| C60 TOT VALUE | 60,655 |
| C61 Between 40 and 50 years Single M | 6 |
| C61 BUTTER LB | 43,055 |
| C62 Between 40 and 50 years Widowers M | 2 |
| C62 CHEESE LB | 730 |
| C63 Between 40 and 50 years Married F | 80 |
| C64 Between 40 and 50 years Single F | 5 |
| C65 Between 40 and 50 years Widows F | 3 |
| C65 FISH QUIN | 2 |
| C66 FISH SALTED | 194 |
| C67 FISH FRESH | 16 |
| C68 Between 50 and 60 years Married M | 66 |
| C68 CAR PLEASURE | 339 |
| C69 Between 50 and 60 years Single M | 2 |
| C69 VALUE DOL P | 16,402 |
| C7 Not Members of Family F | 98 |
| C70 Between 50 and 60 years Widowers M | 5 |
| C71 Between 50 and 60 years Married F | 151 |
| C72 Between 50 and 60 years Single F | 2 |
| C73 Between 50 and 60 years Widows F | 4 |
| C75 Between 50 and 60 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C76 Between 60 and 70 years Married M | 22 |
| C77 Between 60 and 70 years Single M | 8 |
| C78 Between 60 and 70 years Widowers M | 4 |
| C79 Between 60 and 70 years Married F | 11 |
| C8 Births in 1860 M | 89 |
| C80 Between 60 and 70 years Single F | 3 |
| C81 Between 60 and 70 years Widows F | 9 |
| C83 Between 60 and 70 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C84 Between 70 and 80 years Married M | 13 |
| C85 Between 70 and 80 years Single M | 3 |
| C86 Between 70 and 80 years Widowers M | 8 |
| C87 Between 70 and 80 years Married F | 5 |
| C88 Between 70 and 80 years Single F | 1 |
| C89 Between 70 and 80 years Widows F | 6 |
| C9 Births in 1860 F | 99 |
| C90 Between 70 and 80 years Deaths M | 2 |
| C92 Between 80 and 90 years Married M | 1 |
| C94 Between 80 and 90 years Widowers M | 3 |
| C95 Between 80 and 90 years Married F | 1 |
| CD NAME | Shefford |
| England and Wales | 22 |
| Ireland | 17 |
| Natives of Canada French Origin | 3,025 |
| Natives of Canada Not of French Origin | 282 |
| New Brunswick | 8 |
| Scotland | 10 |
| United States | 74 |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
QC048005— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_QC087004— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: not yet grounded. This page covers a place whose persistent identity has not yet been linked to a Wikidata entity. Identification is via TCP UID and spatial polygon only.
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1861 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "Roxton, Quebec (1861 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/qc/roxton-qc048005-1861/.