St. Léon, Quebec (1861 census)
St. Léon was a census subdivision in Maskinongé County, Quebec, recorded in the 1861 Census of Canada with a population of 2,218. The administrative centroid was at approximately 46.344°N, 72.970°W.
Population
In 1861, St. Léon had a population of 2,218: 1,126 male and 1,092 female residents. Population density was 60.1 people per square mile.
Population trajectory across census years
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1851 | 2,294 |
| 1861 | 2,218 |
| 1871 | 1,801 |
| 1881 | 1,787 |
| 1891 | 1,875 |
| 1901 | 1,653 |
| 1911 | 1,593 |
| 1921 | 1,411 |
Cross-year identity established by spatial polygon overlap (SAME_AS chains across the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary files).
Neighbouring Census Subdivisions in 1861
In the 1861 census, St. Léon shared boundaries with:
Full census record, 1861
The 1861 census recorded 308 measurements for this Census Subdivision across 7 categories. Tables below are collapsible.
Population & families (27 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Female members of the family who are present | 1,036 |
| Females present who are not members of the family | 56 |
| Male members of the family who are present | 1,052 |
| Males present who are not members of the family | 74 |
| Number of adult females unable to read or write | 179 |
| Number of adult males unable to read or write | 274 |
| Number of blind males | 1 |
| Number of deaf and dumb females | 1 |
| Number of deaf and dumb males | 1 |
| Number of female births in the past year | 35 |
| Number of females | 1,092 |
| Number of females attending school | 192 |
| Number of lunatic females | 1 |
| Number of male births in the past year | 31 |
| Number of males | 1,126 |
| Number of males attending school | 175 |
| Number of married females | 284 |
| Number of married males | 284 |
| Number of single females | 771 |
| Number of single males | 819 |
| Number of widowed females | 37 |
| Number of widowed males | 23 |
| POP FX N.1 | 1,092 |
| POP MX N.1 | 1,126 |
| POP TOT | 2,218 |
| POP XX N.1 | 2,218 |
| Total population | 2,218 |
Age structure (51 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of females age 3 to 4 | 41 |
| Number of females aged 1 to 2 | 79 |
| Number of females aged 2 to 3 | 42 |
| Number of females aged 4 to 5 | 29 |
| Number of females aged 5 to 10 | 171 |
| Number of males aged 1 to 2 | 45 |
| Number of males aged 2 to 3 | 30 |
| Number of males aged 3 to 4 | 40 |
| Number of males aged 4 to 5 | 32 |
| Number of males aged 5 to 10 | 177 |
| Number of married females aged 15 to 20 | 14 |
| Number of married females aged 20 to 30 | 111 |
| Number of married females aged 30 to 40 | 74 |
| Number of married females aged 40 to 50 | 55 |
| Number of married females aged 50 to 60 | 25 |
| Number of married females aged 60 to 70 | 5 |
| Number of married males aged 20 to 30 | 56 |
| Number of married males aged 30 to 40 | 89 |
| Number of married males aged 40 to 50 | 85 |
| Number of married males aged 50 to 60 | 32 |
| Number of married males aged 60 to 70 | 21 |
| Number of married males aged 70 to 80 | 1 |
| Number of single females aged 10 to 15 | 140 |
| Number of single females aged 15 to 20 | 177 |
| Number of single females aged 20 to 30 | 43 |
| Number of single females aged 30 to 40 | 7 |
| Number of single females aged 40 to 50 | 3 |
| Number of single females aged 50 to 60 | 2 |
| Number of single females aged 70 to 80 | 1 |
| Number of single females aged 80 to 90 | 1 |
| Number of single males aged 10 to 15 | 150 |
| Number of single males aged 15 to 20 | 153 |
| Number of single males aged 20 to 30 | 117 |
| Number of single males aged 30 to 40 | 24 |
| Number of single males aged 40 to 50 | 12 |
| Number of single males aged 50 to 60 | 7 |
| Number of single males aged 60 to 70 | 1 |
| Number of widowed females aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Number of widowed females aged 30 to 40 | 5 |
| Number of widowed females aged 40 to 50 | 7 |
| Number of widowed females aged 50 to 60 | 5 |
| Number of widowed females aged 60 to 70 | 10 |
| Number of widowed females aged 70 to 80 | 5 |
| Number of widowed females aged 80 to 90 | 4 |
| Number of widowed males aged 20 to 30 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 30 to 40 | 1 |
| Number of widowed males aged 40 to 50 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 50 to 60 | 7 |
| Number of widowed males aged 60 to 70 | 4 |
| Number of widowed males aged 70 to 80 | 2 |
| Number of widowed males aged 80 to 90 | 5 |
Ethnic origin (4 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of French Canadians | 2,213 |
| Number of persons originating in Germany or Holland | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in Ireland | 1 |
| Number of persons originating in the United States | 3 |
Agriculture (75 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Acres of barley | 149 |
| Acres of buckwheat | 422 |
| Acres of corn | 3 |
| Acres of farmland held by townspeople who are not farmers | 55 |
| Acres of farmland in gardens | 43 |
| Acres of farmland in pasture | 5,176 |
| Acres of farmland in woodland or forest | 10,050 |
| Acres of farmland under crops | 10,378 |
| Acres of farmland under cultivation | 15,597 |
| Acres of land in farms | 25,647 |
| Acres of mangel wurtzel | 1 |
| Acres of oats | 5,114 |
| Acres of peas | 1,060 |
| Acres of potatoes | 187 |
| Acres of rye | 39 |
| Acres of spring wheat | 779 |
| Acres of turnips | 2 |
| Barrels of beef produced in the past year | 359 |
| Barrels of pork produced in the past year | 489 |
| Bushels of barley produced in the past year | 1,944 |
| Bushels of beans produced in the past year | 9 |
| Bushels of buckwheat produced in the past year | 4,548 |
| Bushels of carrots produced in the past year | 105 |
| Bushels of clover, timothy, or other grass seed produced in the past year | 112 |
| Bushels of corn produced in the past year | 124 |
| Bushels of mangel wurtzel produced in the past year | 485 |
| Bushels of oats produced in the past year | 85,239 |
| Bushels of peas produced in the past year | 12,814 |
| Bushels of potatoes produced in the past year | 17,694 |
| Bushels of rye produced in the past year | 345 |
| Bushels of spring wheat produced in the past year | 7,494 |
| Bushels of turnips produced in the past year | 169 |
| C20 WHT SP AC | 779 |
| C21 WHT SP BU | 7,494 |
| C22 BAR AC | 149 |
| C23 BAR BU | 1,944 |
| C24 RYE AC | 39 |
| C25 RYE BU | 345 |
| C26 PEA AC | 1,060 |
| C27 PEA BU | 12,814 |
| C28 OAT AC | 5,114 |
| C29 OAT BU | 85,239 |
| C30 BWT AC | 422 |
| C31 BWT BU | 4,548 |
| C34 POT AC | 187 |
| C35 POT BU | 17,694 |
| C43 HAY TONS | 2,115 |
| C47 WOOL LBS | 7,469 |
| C63 BEEF BAR | 359 |
| C64 PORK BAR | 489 |
| HRS ov03 V | 36,575 |
| Number of bulls, oxen, or steers | 31 |
| Number of calves and heifers | 882 |
| Number of horses aged 3 years and under | 158 |
| Number of horses aged over 3 years | 420 |
| Number of milk cows | 850 |
| Number of occupants of farms | 258 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 10 and 20 acres | 9 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 100 and 200 acres | 80 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 20 and 50 acres | 37 |
| Number of persons living on farms between 50 and 100 acres | 95 |
| Number of persons living on farms over 200 acres | 19 |
| Number of persons living on farms under 10 acres | 18 |
| Number of sheep | 2,171 |
| Number of swine | 698 |
| Pounds of flax or hemp produced in the past year | 7,916 |
| Pounds of homemade butter | 40,385 |
| Pounds of hops produced in the past year | 10 |
| Pounds of maple sugar produced in the past year | 31,625 |
| Pounds of wool produced on farms in the past year | 7,469 |
| Tons of hay produced in the past year | 2,115 |
| Value of all livestock | 56,823 |
| Value of farm implements in dollars | 37,441 |
| Value of farms (dollars) | 618,515 |
| Value of garden and orchard crops produced in the past year | 2,474 |
Manufacturing & industry (7 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of carriages for hire | 2 |
| Number of carriages for pleasure | 591 |
| Value of carriages for hire (dollars) | 40 |
| Value of carriages for pleasure (dollars) | 16,749 |
| Yards of flannel produced in the past year | 6,313 |
| Yards of fulled cloth produced in the past year | 3,608 |
| Yards of linen produced in the past year | 11,917 |
Deaths & mortality (8 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 15 to 20 | 2 |
| Deaths in the past year among females aged 20 to 30 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among females of all ages | 3 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 15 to 20 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males aged 30 to 40 | 1 |
| Deaths in the past year among males of all ages | 6 |
| Deaths in the past year among males under age 1 | 4 |
| Total number of deaths in the past year | 9 |
Other recorded variables (136 variables)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| C01 TOTAL | 258 |
| C02 OCC UNDR 10 | 18 |
| C03 OCC 10 TO 20 | 9 |
| C04 OCC 20 TO 50 | 37 |
| C05 OCC 50 TO 100 | 95 |
| C06 OCC 100 TO 200 | 80 |
| C07 OCC OVR 200 | 19 |
| C08 HELD | 25,647 |
| C09 UNDR CULT | 15,597 |
| C1 Males | 1,126 |
| C10 Deaths under 1 year M | 4 |
| C10 UNDR CROP | 10,378 |
| C11 UNDR PAST | 5,176 |
| C12 GARDENS | 43 |
| C12 Under 2 Years M | 45 |
| C120 Married M | 284 |
| C121 Single M | 819 |
| C122 Widowed M | 23 |
| C123 Total M | 1,126 |
| C124 Married F | 284 |
| C125 Single F | 771 |
| C126 Widows F | 37 |
| C127 Total F | 1,092 |
| C128 Grand Total | 2,218 |
| C129 Deaths M | 6 |
| C13 Under 2 Years F | 79 |
| C13 WOOD WILD | 10,050 |
| C130 Deaths F | 3 |
| C131 Deaths Total | 9 |
| C136 Attending School M | 175 |
| C137 Attending School F | 192 |
| C138 Adults unable to read or write M | 274 |
| C139 Adults unable to read or write F | 179 |
| C14 CASH FARM | 618,515 |
| C140 Deaf and Dumb M | 1 |
| C141 Deaf and Dumb F | 1 |
| C142 Blind M | 1 |
| C145 Lunatics F | 1 |
| C15 CASH IMP | 37,441 |
| C16 GARDN VALUE | 2,474 |
| C16 Under 3 years M | 30 |
| C17 LAND HELD | 55 |
| C17 Under 3 years F | 42 |
| C2 Females | 1,092 |
| C20 Under 4 years M | 40 |
| C21 Under 4 years F | 41 |
| C24 Under 5 years M | 32 |
| C25 Under 5 years F | 29 |
| C28 Between 5 and 10 Years M | 177 |
| C29 Between 5 and 10 years F | 171 |
| C3 Total | 2,218 |
| C32 INDN CRN AC | 3 |
| C33 Between 10 and 15 years Single M | 150 |
| C33 INDN CRN BU | 124 |
| C35 Between 10 and 15 years Single F | 140 |
| C36 TUR AC | 2 |
| C37 TUR BU | 169 |
| C38 CAR BU | 105 |
| C39 Between 15 and 20 years Single M | 153 |
| C39 MAN WURT AC | 1 |
| C4 Members of Family M | 1,052 |
| C40 Between 15 and 20 years Married F | 14 |
| C40 MAN WURT BU | 485 |
| C41 BEN BU | 9 |
| C41 Between 15 and 20 years Single F | 177 |
| C42 Between 15 and 20 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C42 CLV TIM GRA | 112 |
| C43 Between 15 and 20 years Deaths F | 2 |
| C44 Between 20 and 30 years Married M | 56 |
| C44 HOP LBS | 10 |
| C45 Between 20 and 30 years Single M | 117 |
| C45 MPL SGR LBS | 31,625 |
| C46 Between 20 and 30 years Widowers M | 2 |
| C47 Between 20 and 30 years Married F | 111 |
| C48 Between 20 and 30 years Single F | 43 |
| C48 FLLD CLOTH YRDS | 3,608 |
| C49 Between 20 and 30 years Widows F | 1 |
| C49 FLAN YRDS | 6,313 |
| C5 Members of Family F | 1,036 |
| C50 FLX HEM LBS | 7,916 |
| C51 Between 20 and 30 years Deaths F | 1 |
| C51 LIN YRDS | 11,917 |
| C52 Between 30 and 40 years Married M | 89 |
| C52 BULLS OX STEERS | 31 |
| C53 Between 30 and 40 years Single M | 24 |
| C53 MILK COWS | 850 |
| C54 Between 30 and 40 years Widowers M | 1 |
| C54 CALVES HEIFERS | 882 |
| C55 Between 30 and 40 years Married F | 74 |
| C55 HORSES | 420 |
| C56 Between 30 and 40 years Single F | 7 |
| C56 HORSES VAL | 36,575 |
| C57 Between 30 and 40 years Widows F | 5 |
| C57 COLTS FILLIES | 158 |
| C58 Between 30 and 40 years Deaths M | 1 |
| C58 SHEEP | 2,171 |
| C59 SWINE | 698 |
| C6 Not Members of Family M | 74 |
| C60 Between 40 and 50 years Married M | 85 |
| C60 TOT VALUE | 56,823 |
| C61 Between 40 and 50 years Single M | 12 |
| C61 BUTTER LB | 40,385 |
| C62 Between 40 and 50 years Widowers M | 2 |
| C63 Between 40 and 50 years Married F | 55 |
| C64 Between 40 and 50 years Single F | 3 |
| C65 Between 40 and 50 years Widows F | 7 |
| C68 Between 50 and 60 years Married M | 32 |
| C68 CAR PLEASURE | 591 |
| C69 Between 50 and 60 years Single M | 7 |
| C69 VALUE DOL P | 16,749 |
| C7 Not Members of Family F | 56 |
| C70 Between 50 and 60 years Widowers M | 7 |
| C70 CAR HIRE | 2 |
| C71 Between 50 and 60 years Married F | 25 |
| C71 VALUE DOL H | 40 |
| C72 Between 50 and 60 years Single F | 2 |
| C73 Between 50 and 60 years Widows F | 5 |
| C76 Between 60 and 70 years Married M | 21 |
| C77 Between 60 and 70 years Single M | 1 |
| C78 Between 60 and 70 years Widowers M | 4 |
| C79 Between 60 and 70 years Married F | 5 |
| C8 Births in 1860 M | 31 |
| C81 Between 60 and 70 years Widows F | 10 |
| C84 Between 70 and 80 years Married M | 1 |
| C86 Between 70 and 80 years Widowers M | 2 |
| C88 Between 70 and 80 years Single F | 1 |
| C89 Between 70 and 80 years Widows F | 5 |
| C9 Births in 1860 F | 35 |
| C94 Between 80 and 90 years Widowers M | 5 |
| C96 Between 80 and 90 years Single F | 1 |
| C97 Between 80 and 90 years Widows F | 4 |
| CD NAME | Maskinongé |
| Ireland | 1 |
| Natives of Canada French Origin | 2,213 |
| Prussia German States and Holland | 1 |
| United States | 3 |
Identifiers
- TCP UID:
QC031006— year-scoped identifier from the Canadian Census Subdivision boundary file - Persistent place ID:
PLACE_QC069011— computed from spatial-overlap chains across census years - Wikidata: not yet grounded. This page covers a place whose persistent identity has not yet been linked to a Wikidata entity. Identification is via TCP UID and spatial polygon only.
Sources
Census tabulations from the 1861 Census of Canada, transcribed and georeferenced by the Canadian Peoples / TCP project, hosted at the HGIS Lab, University of Saskatchewan. Persistent place identity computed from spatial-overlap chains across all available census years (1851–1921). Identity grounding to Wikidata performed via the HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph project's MCP-assisted disambiguation pipeline. See the About / Methodology page for the full data pipeline.
Cite this page
Clifford, J. (2026). "St. Léon, Quebec (1861 census)" in HGIS Canada Knowledge Graph. Retrieved from https://jimclifford.ca/hgiscanada/places/qc/st-l-on-qc031006-1861/.