{ "id": "d8b883a2a62baba8d6a348e6274b0bc541b7c1bd", "text": "XI. A Description of the several Strata of Earth, Stone, Coal, &c. found in a Coal-Pit at the West End of Dudley in Staffordshire: By Mr. Fettiplace Bellers, F. R. S. To which is added, a Table of the Specifick Gravity of each Stratum: By Mr Fr. Hauksbee, F. R. S. Communicated by Dr. Hans Sloane, R. S. Secr.\n\nI. A Yellowish Clay, which lies immediately under the Turf.\n\nII. A Blewish Clay.\n\nIII. A Blewish hard Clay; the Miners call it Clunch. This is one of the certain Signs of Coal. It has in it Mineral Plants.\n\nIV. A Blewish soft Clay.\n\nV. A fine-grained Gray Stone: It lies next the former, and is found in some Pits only.\n\nVI. A Clay almost like the First, only whiter.\n\nVII. A hard Gray Rock; with something like the Impressions of Vegetables, but none distinct.\n\nVIII. A Blew Clunch, like Numb. 3. with Mineral Plants in it.\n\nVIII. +. This Stratum (which is the same with Numb. 13.) was not taken.\n\nIX. Coal, called Bench-Coal.\n\nX. Coal, less black and shining than the former, called Slipper-Coal.\n\nXI. Coal, more black and shining, called Spin-Coal.\n\nXII. A Coal like Cannal-Coal, by the Miners called Stone Coal. These Strata of Coal have between each\nof them a Bat, of about the thickness of a Crown Piece.\n\nXIII. A black Substance, called the Dun-Row-Bat.\n\nXIV. A hard grey Iron Oar, called the Dun-Row Iron-Stone.\n\nXV. A blewish Bat, in which the following Iron-Stone lyes, called the White-Row.\n\nXVI. A hard blackish Iron Oar, lying in small Nodules, having between them a white Substance; and from thence by the Miners called the White-Row-Grains, or Iron Stone.\n\nXVII. A hard grey Iron Oar, with some white spots in it, called the Mid-row Grains.\n\nXVIII. A black fissile Substance, called the Gublin-Bat.\n\nXIX. A hard blackish Iron Oar, with white spots in it, called the Gublin Iron-Stone.\n\nXX. A Bat, in Substance much like that of Numb. XVIII.\n\nXXI. A hard grey Iron Oar, called the Cannoc, or Cannot-Iron-Stone.\n\nXXII. A Bat, somewhat harder than Numb. XX.\n\nXXIII. A dark, gray, hard Iron Oar, called the Rubble Iron-Stone.\n\nXXIV. The Table-Bat, next under the Rubble Iron-Stone.\n\nXXV. A coarse sort of Coal, called the Foot-Coal.\n\nXXVI. A black, brittle, shining Bat.\n\nXXVII. The Heathen-Coal.\n\nXXVIII. A Substance like a coarse Coal, but by the Miners called a Bat; perhaps because it does not burn well.\n\nXXIX. The Bench-Coal.\n\nXXX.\nXXX. A Bat under the last, and is as low (viz. 188½ Feet) as they generally dig, tho' there is a coarse Coal under this.\n\nN.B. Those Substances, which divide the Strata of Coals and Iron Oars from each other, are called Bats by the Miners: They are generally black, consisting of a Matter peculiar to themselves, and are of a Texture nearest like Marle; tho' some of them are fissile, and others have a Substance not unlike Coal mixt with them.\n\nA Table of the Thickness of each Stratum, and its Proportion to Water, or Specifick Gravity.\n\n| Number of the Strata | Thickness of each Stratum. Feet. Inches | Proportion to Water, | Or Specifick Gravity. |\n|----------------------|----------------------------------------|---------------------|-----------------------|\n| I. | 4 0 | as 385 to 192 | as 200 to 100 |\n| II. | 5 0 | 296 168 | 176 |\n| III. | 24 0 | 23 9 | 256 |\n| IV. | 9 0 | 209 106 | 197 |\n| V. | 4 0 | 583 237 | 246 |\n| VI. | 21 0 | 401 192 | 209 |\n| VII. | 75 0 | 683 259 | 243 |\n| VIII. | 5 0 | 223 88 | 253 |\n| VIII+. | 1 0 | — | — |\n| IX. | 3 0 | 7 5 | 140 |\n| X. | 3 0 | 106 72 | 147 |\n| XI. | 4 0 | 147 114 | 129 |\n| XII. | 4 0 | 185 143 | 130 |\n| XIII. | 1 0 | 408 198 | 206 |\n| XIV. | 0 1 | 204 67 | 303 |\n| XV. | 0 3 | 183 72 | 254 |\n| XVI. | 1 3 | 325 232 | 334 |\n| XVII. | 0 2 | 781 244 | 320 |\n| Number of the Strata | Thickness of each Stratum. Feet. Inches | Proportion to Water, as 305 to 129 | Or Specifick Gravity, as 236 to 109 |\n|----------------------|----------------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------------------------|\n| XVIII. | 2 0 | | |\n| XIX. | 0 9 | 920 266 | 346 |\n| XX. | 1 6 | 192 76 | 253 |\n| XXI. | 0 6 | 675 216½ | 313 |\n| XXII. | 1 0 | 428 165 | 290 |\n| XXIII. | 0 6 | 828 231 | 358 |\n| XXIV. | 2 0 | 333 153 | 218 |\n| XXV. | 1 0 | 198 154 | 128 |\n| XXVI. | 6 0 | 238 141 | 169 |\n| XXVII. | 6 0 | 298 236½ | 126 |\n| XXVIII. | 0 1 | 267 186 | 144 |\n| XXIX. | 2 0 | 314 240 | 131 |\n| XXX. | 0 6 | 244 133 | 183 |\n\nBy which it is evident, that the Gravities of the several Strata are in no manner of Order; but purely casual, as if mixt by chance.", "source": "olmocr", "added": "2026-01-12", "created": "2026-01-12", "metadata": { "Source-File": "/home/jic823/projects/def-jic823/royalsociety/pdfs/103172.pdf", "olmocr-version": "0.3.4", "pdf-total-pages": 5, "total-input-tokens": 7840, "total-output-tokens": 1953, "total-fallback-pages": 0 }, "attributes": { "pdf_page_numbers": [ [ 0, 0, 1 ], [ 0, 1166, 2 ], [ 1166, 2360, 3 ], [ 2360, 5160, 4 ], [ 5160, 7353, 5 ] ], "primary_language": [ "en", "en", "en", "en", "en" ], "is_rotation_valid": [ true, true, true, true, true ], "rotation_correction": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "is_table": [ false, false, false, true, true ], "is_diagram": [ false, false, false, false, false ] }, "jstor_metadata": { "identifier": "jstor-103172", "title": "A Description of the Several Strata of Earth, Stone, Coal, etc. Found in a Coal-Pit at the West End of Dudley in Straffordshire: By Mr. Fettiplace Bellers, F. R. S. To Which is Added, a Table of the Specifick Gravity of Each Stratum: By Mr Fr. Hauksbee, F. R. S. Communicated by Dr. Hans Sloane, R. S. Secr.", "authors": "Hans Sloane, Fr. Hauksbee, Fettiplace Bellers", "year": 1710, "volume": "27", "journal": "Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775)", "page_count": 5, "jstor_url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/103172" } }