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  "text": "VII. Observations made in Italy of a Lunar Eclipse, which happened the 8th of Sept. 1718. Extracted from the Giornale di Literati of Venice.\n\nI. Observations made by Signor Giovanni Poleni and Giovambatista Morgagni, at Padua, in the House of Signor Pietro Bembo, Noble of Venice.\n\nTempus Apparens post Meridiem.\n\nSub initium Eclipsei nubes lunam obtexere.\n\nH. 6 54 25 Umbra appellit ad partem ortivam maris humorum; distat ab Aristarcho diametro ejusdem maculae, pariique intervallo a Keplerio.\n\n7 5 5 Appellit umbra ad Copernicum.\n\n12 56 Umbra appellit ad Tycholem.\n\n18 10 Appellit ad Platonem.\n\n22 31 Tegit Manilium totum.\n\n30 55 Tegere incipit partem ortivam maris nectaris.\n\n41 53 Appellit secundam partem ortivam superiorem ad mare Crisium.\n\n46 58 Penumbra extremum disci astringit.\n\n49 4 Vix quidquam immersionis superest.\n\nToto integræ immersionis tempore luna videri potuit commixta colore quodam obscuræ & subrubræ. Principio post immersionem lunae pars orientem versus erat obscurior.\n\nObscurior\nH. i ii\n\n8 33 3 Obscurior erat lunæ pars prope discei medium: minus obscuræ erant circum-\nquaque partes discei extremæ.\n\n9 30 49 Stellula quædam, nudis oculis inconspicua, vix decem secundis distare videba-\ntur a lunæ disco e regione Lansbergii.\n\n32 9 Penumbra fit clara in discei extrema parte ortiva.\n\n36 4 Initium emersionis ex ortiva plaga.\n\n40 39 Grimaldus jam emersit ab umbra a qua distat fui ipsius minori spatio.\n\n44 38 Stellulæ ante visæ a luna occultatio: tamen incerta.\n\n49 34 Gassendus emergit.\n\n50 49 Mare humorum extra umbram totum.\n\n10 00 3 Copernici emergio.\n\n5 55 Plato emergere incipit.\n\n14 41 Eudoxus exit.\n\n19 12 Menelai emergio.\n\n27 7 Mare nectaris totum emersit.\n\n36 28 Umbra dividit mare crisium bifariam se-\ncundum ipsius majorem diametrum.\n\n39 12 Incipit umbra fieri tantillum rarius.\n\n41 2 Visus est esse umbræ finis.\n\n42 57 Et finis penumbrae.\n\nII. Observations made in the Palace, of the Istituto delle Scienze, at Bologna; by Signor Geminiano Rondelli, Giuseppe-Antonio Nadio, and Giulio-Cæsare Parisi.\n\nTemp. ver. p.m.\n\nH. i ii\n\nInitium eclipsis non est observatum.\n\n6 51 36 Mare humorum ad umbram.\n\n56 22 Capuanus ad umbram.\n\nMare\nH. 1 11\n6 56 37 Mare humorum totum in umbra.\n7 1 7 Bullialdus ad umbram.\n2 52 Bullialdus totus sub umbra.\n3 37 Copernicus totus sub umbra.\n11 22 Tycho ad umbram.\n12 52 Totus Tycho sub umbra.\n15 37 Plato ad umbram.\n16 27 Totus Plato sub umbra.\n19 22 Manilius ad umbram.\n19 52 Mare serenitatis.\n23 57 Mare tranquillitatis.\n35 8 Messalla ad umbram.\n36 8 Totus Messalla sub umbra.\n36 38 Mare fœcunditatis ad umbram.\n37 23 Promontorium somni.\n39 23 Cleomedes ad umbram.\n39 53 Mare crisium.\n44 8 Mare fœcunditatis totum.\n44 43 Mare crisium totum.\n47 18 Totalis obscuratio lunæ, juxta D. Na-\ndii æstimationem.\n47 53 Totalis obscuratio, juxta D. Parisium.\n9 33 40 Initium emersionis lunæ.\n36 35 Grimaldus totus extra umbram.\n40 54 Galilæus extra umbram.\n42 34 Sidus quoddam a luna tegitur in eodem\nproxime verticali cum centro lunæ.\n47 50 Mare humorum extra umbram.\n52 10 Bullialdus extra umbram.\n54 25 Centrum Tychonis extra umbram.\n55 12 Tycho totus extra umbram.\n58 46 Mare nubium extra umbram.\n10 4 2 Plato ad umbræ terminum.\n5 33 Totus Plato extra umbram.\n\nVol. XXXIII. M Insula\nH. 1 11 Insula sinus medii extra umbram:\n10 17 12 Messalla ad terminum umbrae; simul totum mare serenitatis extra umbram.\n23 47 Mare tranquillitatis extra umbram.\n27 58 Cleomedes extra umbram.\n30 12 Mare crisium umbrae terminum attingit.\n32 8 Mare foecunditatis totum extra umbram.\n34 7 Mare crisium totum extra umbram.\n36 19 Finis eclipsis.\n\nIII. Observations made in the Suburbs of Bologna southwards; by Signori Eustachio and Gabbrielo Manfredi.\n\nH. 1 11 Nunc primum luna e collibus assurgere incipit, penumbra atmospherae jam infecta.\n6 31 48 Initium verae eclipsis, quantum judicare patiebatur subdubius umbrae terminus, Paulo post nubecularum atque arborum objectu lunae tegebatur.\n42 13 Umbra per Aristarchum & Keplerum protenditur, atque una mare humorum tangere videtur.\n52 48 Umbra per medium Bullialdi, simul tangens Copernicum.\n7 2 23 Umbra per medium Copernici.\n4 2 Totus Copernicus latet.\n5 4 Umbra Pitatum attingit.\n7 58 Attingit Tychonem.\n10 54 Medium Tychonis latet.\n12 19 Totus Tycho latet.\n13 9 Umbra ad Platonem.\n15 34 Ad medium Platonis.\n\nTotus\nTotus Plato latet.\nManilius tegitur.\nUmbra tangit mare ferenitatis.\nMenelaus tegitur.\nDionysius tegitur.\nPlinius tegitur.\nUmbra ad Catharinam, Theophilum, Cyrillum.\nUmbra tangit Fracastorium.\nMedium Fracostorii tegitur.\nPromontorium acutum umbram subit.\nPromontorium somni latet.\nTaruntius latet.\nUmbra tangit mare crisium.\nUmbra per medium mare crisium.\nTotum mare crisium in umbra conditur.\nTotalis immersio lunae in umbram.\n\nToto tempore eclipsis luna clarissime in sudo spectabatur, colore rubescenti, ea parte densiori, qua altius in umbram immergebatur.\n\nHoc tempore, & deinceps aliquot minutis, omni ex parte æque obscura apparebat lunæ facies, ut facile constaret eam prope umbræ centrum versari.\n\nE regione Grimaldi, qua parte emersione imminebat, insignis fulgor spectari coepert.\n\nDubitari coeptum de emersionis initio.\nProculdubio emersione jam inceperat.\nGrimaldus ab umbra se subducere incipit.\nCentrum Grimaldi emergit, totus Ricciolus jam detestus erat.\nTotus Grimaldus exit ab umbra.\nH.\n\n9 39 28 Galilæus exit.\n41 22 Umbra tangit mare humorum.\n42 31 Stellula quæ diu prope limbum lunæ inferiorum (qui telescopio superior apparebat) morata fuerat, nunc demum sub lunam conditur, circa plagam Tychonis, adhuc eclipsi laborantem. Aliæ Stellulæ lunam subituræ videbantur, sed postquam unus vel alter digitus lunaris faciei illustrari coepit, præ fulgore omnes evanescabant.\n\n43 53 Umbra per medium mare humorum.\n45 41 Aristarchus emergit.\n47 23 Keplerus emergit.\n52 6 Emergit Bullialdus.\n53 31 Tycho detegi incipit.\n54 9 Medium Tychonis detegitur.\n55 1 Totus Tycho detectus: quo tempore nondum stellula e luna se subduxerat.\n55 21 Copernicus emergere incipit.\n56 6 Medium Copernici emergit.\n57 15 Totus Copernicus.\n\n10 0 1 Stellula quæ paulo antea sub luna deli-\ntuerat, jam spectabatur a lunæ limbo nonnihil distans, ut appareret eam ante 4 vel 5 minuta temporis emersisse. Ver-\nsabatur autem e regione partis ob-\nscuræ inferioris limbi lunæ, neque longe ab umbræ termino.\n\n4 51 Umbra per medium Platonis.\n5 36 Totus Plato detegitur.\n13 6 Manilius emergit.\n16 31 Dionysius emergit.\n16 41 Menelaus emergit.\n\nFraca-\nH. 1 \" Fracastorius totus jam emergerat.\n10 20 31 Snellius & Furnerius totaliter emergunt.\n23 51 Promontorium acutum detegitur.\n24 5 Messalla totus apparet.\n25 11 Proclus emergit.\n31 11 Mare crisium emergere incipit.\n34 3 Medium mare crisium emergit.\n36 7 Totum mare crisium extra umbram.\n38 51 Circa hoc tempus umbra vera lunam defere videtur, penumbra adhuc ad multum temporis perdurante.\n\nIn the Ephemerides published in the Year 1715, from M. Cassini's Tables for the Use of the Istituto Bolognese delle Scienze, the Beginning of these Eclipses was marked at 6h. 41', the total Immersion at 7h. 46', the Beginning of the Emersion at 9h. 33', the End at 10h. 38', which Times scarcely differ one or two Minutes from the Times observed.\n\nIV. Observations made by the Marquis Antonio Ghislieri, at Bologna, on the Observatory in his own House.\n\nH. 6 40 23 Initium eclipsis dubium.\n51 23 Mare humorum ad umbram.\n55 46 Capuanus ad umbram.\n7 1 13 Bullialdus ad umbram.\n28 14 Mare nectaris totum sub umbra.\n32 30 Promontorium acutum ad umbram.\n36 45 Promontorium somni ad umbram.\n38 45 Mare crisium ad umbram.\n46 37 Totalis immersio lunæ.\n9 33 50 Initium emersionis.\n\nGrimaldus\nH.\n\n9 35 39 Grimaldus totus extra umbram.\n54 17 Tycho totus extra umbram.\n10 15 6 Plinius totus extra umbram.\n32 39 Mare crisiunem emergere incipit.\n37 42 Finis eclipsis.\n\nVIII. Experimenta & Observationes de Congelatione aquae in vacuo factae a D. G. Fahrenheit,\nR. S. S.\n\nInter plurima admiranda Naturae Phænomena aquarum congelationem non minoris momenti esse semper judicavi; hinc sæpe experiundi cupidus fui, quinam effectus frigoris futuri essent, si aqua in spatio ab aere vacuo clauderetur. Et quoniam dies secundus, tertius & quartus Martii, (Styli V.) Anni 1721. ejusmodi experimentis favebat, hinc sequentes observationes & experimenta a me sunt factæ.\n\nAntequam autem experimentorum recensionem aggrediar, necesse erit, ut paucis quædam de thermometris, quæ a me construuntur, eorumque scalæ divisione, ut & de methodo evacuandi, qua usus sum, mentionem faciam. Duo potissimum genera thermometrorum a me conficiuntur, quorum unum spiritu vini & alterum argento vivo est repletum: Longitudo eorum varia est, pro usu, cui inservire debent: Omnia autem in eo conveniunt, quod in omnibus scalæ gradibus concordent, interque limites fixos variationes suas absolvant. Thermometrorum scala, quæ meteorologicis observationibus solummodo inserviunt, infra a Zero incipit & 96° gradu finitur. Hujus scalæ divisione tribus nititur terminis fixis, qui arte sequenti modo",
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    "identifier": "jstor-103743",
    "title": "Observations Made in Italy of a Lunar Eclipse, Which Happened the 8th of Sept. 1718. Extracted from the Giornale Di Literati of Venice",
    "authors": "Giornale Di Literati",
    "year": 1724,
    "volume": "33",
    "journal": "Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775)",
    "page_count": 9,
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