{ "id": "fb0a018a4078ae34ca5cf2e968117a4412a052ca", "text": "XXII. Astronomical Observations. By Stephen Groombridge, Esq. F. R. S.\n\nRead June 29, 1820.\n\nObservations of the Solstices in the years 1818 and 1819.\n\nObserved zenith distance of the Sun's centre on the meridian.\n\n| Year | Date | Zenith distance | Barometer | Therm. within | Therm. without | Refraction |\n|------|------|----------------|-----------|---------------|---------------|------------|\n| 1818 | June 13 | 28° 14' 53.08\" | 29.79 | 72.5 | 81 | 0.29.77 |\n| | June 14 | 28° 11' 38.72\" | 29.87 | 68 | 66 | 0.30.10 |\n| | June 23 | 28° 0' 5.55\" | 29.76 | 62 | 66 | 0.30.15 |\n| | June 27 | 28° 5' 39.66\" | 29.75 | 68 | 79 | 0.29.84 |\n| | June 28 | 28° 8' 9.04\" | 29.69 | 66 | 73 | 0.29.97 |\n| | June 29 | 28° 10' 55.40\" | 30.08 | 67 | 72 | 0.30.37 |\n| | July 1 | 28° 17' 51.98\" | 30.00 | 69.5 | 77 | 0.30.27 |\n| | Dec. 12 | 74° 29' 34.34\" | 30.06 | 44 | 40 | 3.31.92 |\n| | Dec. 14 | 74° 37' 55.16\" | 30.15 | 43.5 | 41 | 3.34.10 |\n| | Dec. 19 | 74° 50' 20.17\" | 30.21 | 38 | 34 | 3.40.54 |\n| | Dec. 22 | 74° 52' 23.59\" | 30.45 | 42.5 | 33 | 3.43.15 |\n| | Dec. 23 | 74° 52' 3.00\" | 30.31 | 38.5 | 31 | 3.42.94 |\n| | Dec. 27 | 74° 46' 16.87\" | 30.06 | 39 | 37 | 3.37.14 |\n\nThe above observations computed by Mr. Groombridge's Table of Refraction.\n\n| Year | Zenith distance | Equation | Solstitial distance |\n|------|----------------|----------|--------------------|\n| 1818 | June 13 | 28° 15' 22.85\" | 15° 15' 31\" | 28° 0' 7.54\" |\n| | June 14 | 12° 8.82 | 11° 55' 34\" | 13° 48 |\n| | June 23 | 0° 35.70 | 0° 24.45 | 1° 12.25 |\n| | June 27 | 6° 9.50 | 6° 1.15 | 8° 3.5 |\n| | June 28 | 8° 39.01 | 8° 27.31 | 11° 7.0 |\n| | June 29 | 11° 25.77 | 11° 17.91 | 7° 8.6 |\n| | July 1 | 18° 22.25 | 18° 12.52 | 9° 7.3 |\n| | Nutation | + 7.40 | + 2.77 | |\n| | Parallax | - 4.11 | + 2.77 | |\n| | Sun's Latitude | - 0.52 | | |\n| | Dec. 12 | 74° 33' 6.26\" | 22° 57' 0.4\" | 74° 56' 3.30\" |\n| | Dec. 14 | 41° 29' 26\" | 14° 38' 2.0\" | 7° 46 |\n| | Dec. 19 | 54° 6.71 | 1° 58.11 | 4° 8.2 |\n| | Dec. 22 | 56° 6.74 | 0° 0.18 | 6° 9.2 |\n| | Dec. 23 | 55° 45' 9.4\" | 0° 17.56 | 3° 5.0 |\n| | Dec. 27 | 49° 54' 0.1\" | 6° 10.39 | 4° 4.0 |\n| | Nutation | - 8.64 | - 17.58 | |\n| | Parallax | - 8.45 | | |\n| | Sun's Latitude | - 0.49 | | |\n\nMean obliquity, 1818 | 23° 27' 47.36 |\nMean obliquity at the vernal equinox, 1819 | 23° 27' 47.03 |\n\nNutation | 9.23 |\nParallax | - 4.11 |\nSun's Latitude | - 0.50 |\n\nMean Obliquity | 23° 27' 46.70 |\n23° 27' 47.36 |\n\nMean obliquity at the vernal equinox, 1819 | 23° 27' 47.03 |\nOppositions of the New Planets.\n\n| Mean Time | Right Ascension | Declination | Longitude | Latitude |\n|-----------|----------------|-------------|-----------|----------|\n| | | | | |\n| h | o | o | o | o |\n| 1818. | | | | |\n| Vesta | | | | |\n| April 3 | 12.47.39 | 203.38.54.3 | 3.55.53.3 N | 200.23.41.8 | 12.50.31.8 N |\n| 4 | 12.42.50 | 203.25.47.4 | 4.2.6.0 | 200.8.52.1 | 12.51.23.5 |\n| 12 | 12.4.9 | 201.36.56.4 | 4.46.53.1 | 198.8.26.5 | 12.51.55.3 |\n| 15 | 11.49.35 | 200.55.18.7 | 5.0.54.2 | 197.23.37.9 | 12.49.6.0 |\n| 17 | 11.39.54 | 200.27.48.1 | 5.9.18.5 | 196.54.22.4 | 12.46.24.1 |\n| Pallas | | | | |\n| Sept. 1 | 12.20.21 | 345.38.31.6 | 2.10.22.4 N | 347.38.10.3 | 7.40.11.7 N |\n| 2 | 12.15.40 | 345.27.15.1 | 1.57.46.6 | 347.22.45.1 | 7.32.58.6 |\n| 6 | 1.56.56 | 344.42.4.6 | 1.6.25.2 | 346.20.42.6 | 7.3.9.5 |\n| 9 | 11.42.53 | 344.8.3.1 | 0.27.5.2 | 345.33.48.0 | 6.40.1.3 |\n| 11 | 11.33.31 | 343.45.24.6 | 0.0.29.5 N | 345.2.27.3 | 6.24.12.1 |\n| 12 | 11.28.50 | 343.34.9.1 | 0.12.50.9 S | 344.46.50.3 | 6.16.13.0 |\n| 13 | 11.24.9 | 343.22.52.8 | 0.26.15.1 | 344.31.11.5 | 6.8.10.1 |\n| 1820. | | | | |\n| Pallas | | | | |\n| Feb. 1 | 9.42.57 | 96.45.6.6 | 25.32.13.7 S | 99.15.54.7 | 48.47.4.0 S |\n| 4 | 9.30.22 | 96.33.10.2 | 24.30.48.1 | 98.53.18.1 | 47.46.32.0 |\n| 6 | 9.22.9 | 96.27.45.0 | 23.49.10.4 | 98.41.59.8 | 47.5.57.5 |\n| 10 | 9.6.5 | 96.22.35.4 | 22.19.58.0 | 98.26.41.6 | 45.36.37.1 |\n| 16 | 8.43.1 | 96.30.28.2 | 20.1.36.7 | 98.24.49.8 | 43.18.4.7 |\n| 17 | 8.39.16 | 96.33.26.7 | 19.37.58.7 | 98.26.38.8 | 42.54.19.0 |\n| Ceres | | | | |\n| Feb. 1 | 11.49.38 | 128.30.18.9 | 31.29.3.2 N | 122.55.5.1 | 12.19.4.7 N |\n| 4 | 11.34.57 | 127.47.5.7 | 31.44.49.4 | 122.14.33.3 | 12.25.4.3 |\n| 10 | 11.5.54 | 126.24.49.8 | 32.11.3.4 | 120.58.39.7 | 12.33.19.8 |\n| 16 | 10.37.26 | 125.11.27.3 | 32.29.41.0 | 119.52.25.4 | 12.36.37.2 |\n| 17 | 10.32.46 | 125.0.23.1 | 32.32.1.8 | 119.42.33.6 | 12.36.42.6 |", "source": "olmocr", "added": "2026-01-12", "created": "2026-01-12", "metadata": { "Source-File": "/home/jic823/projects/def-jic823/royalsociety/pdfs/107564.pdf", "olmocr-version": "0.3.4", "pdf-total-pages": 3, "total-input-tokens": 4934, "total-output-tokens": 3308, "total-fallback-pages": 0 }, "attributes": { "pdf_page_numbers": [ [ 0, 0, 1 ], [ 0, 2637, 2 ], [ 2637, 5284, 3 ] ], "primary_language": [ "en", "en", "en" ], "is_rotation_valid": [ true, true, true ], "rotation_correction": [ 0, 0, 0 ], "is_table": [ false, true, true ], "is_diagram": [ false, false, false ] }, "jstor_metadata": { "identifier": "jstor-107564", "title": "Astronomical Observations", "authors": "Stephen Groombridge", "year": 1820, "volume": "110", "journal": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London", "page_count": 3, "jstor_url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/107564" } }