{ "id": "d13e774e0f21691a13596514eae00a3f24f091ec", "text": "METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL,\n\nKEPT BY THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY\n\nAT THE APARTMENTS OF THE\n\nROYAL SOCIETY,\n\nBY ORDER OF\n\nTHE PRESIDENT AND COUNCIL.\n\nMDCCCXXXI.\n## METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL FOR JULY, 1831.\n\n| 9 o'clock, A.M. | 3 o'clock, P.M. | Dew Point at 9 A.M. in degrees of Fahr. | External Thermometer. | Rain, in inches. Read off at 9 A.M. | Direction of the Wind at 9 A.M. | Remarks. |\n|-----------------|-----------------|----------------------------------------|----------------------|-----------------------------------|-------------------------------|----------|\n| Barom. | Attach. Therm. | Barom. | Attach. Therm. | Fahrenheit. Self-registering. | Lowest. Highest. | |\n| 9 A.M. | 3 P.M. | | | 9 A.M. | | |\n| 1 | 30.116 | 67.7 | 30.085 | 68.4 | 50 | 62.7 | 68.6 | 56.3 | 69.2 | N | Fine—light clouds and wind. |\n| 2 | 30.040 | 67.7 | 30.007 | 70.7 | 47 | 66.4 | 72.8 | 55.8 | 73.7 | WNW | Fine and clear—light clouds. |\n| 3 | 30.038 | 69.3 | 30.050 | 69.7 | 60 | 64.7 | 70.7 | 58.4 | 73.3 | SW | A.M. Lowering. P.M. Fine and clear—cloudy. |\n| 4 | 30.218 | 68.3 | 30.235 | 71.4 | 49 | 66.6 | 73.7 | 57.7 | 74.3 | W | Fine and clear. |\n| 5 | 30.238 | 68.7 | 30.241 | 70.3 | 59 | 69.3 | 72.3 | 59.6 | 73.3 | WSW | A.M. Cloudy—light wind. P.M. Fine and clear. Evening, showery. |\n| 6 | 30.385 | 74.6 | 30.366 | 73.9 | 63 | 71.5 | 76.7 | 60.5 | 80.5 | N | Fine and cloudless. |\n| 7 | 30.365 | 75.7 | 30.308 | 72.7 | 57 | 70.3 | 72.3 | 56.7 | 72.7 | E | Clear and cloudless. |\n| 8 | 30.247 | 64.3 | 30.225 | 71.7 | 59 | 62.4 | 72.5 | 57.3 | 73.2 | NNE | A.M. Cloudy. P.M. Clear and cloudless. |\n| 9 | 30.181 | 70.2 | 30.143 | 76.7 | 55 | 71.7 | 78.7 | 59.1 | 80.4 | N | Fine and cloudless. |\n| 10 | 30.060 | 71.2 | 30.019 | 70.3 | 63 | 67.6 | 65.5 | 65.3 | 68.7 | NNE | Overcast—showery—light brisk wind. Thunder at noon. |\n| 11 | 29.905 | 70.5 | 29.808 | 71.3 | 56 | 67.0 | 71.6 | 57.7 | 72.5 | 0.069 | NNW | Clear—nearly cloudless. |\n| 12 | 29.665 | 67.8 | 29.664 | 71.8 | 57 | 66.0 | 68.3 | 62.3 | 73.3 | 0.083 | WSW | Cloudy—light brisk wind. |\n| 13 | 29.647 | 66.4 | 29.654 | 66.7 | 59 | 61.3 | 67.5 | 58.6 | 67.5 | 1.014 | NW | A.M. Rain. P.M. Fine and clear—cloudy. |\n| 14 | 29.760 | 69.3 | 29.749 | 68.8 | 57 | 63.7 | 68.4 | 56.4 | 68.6 | 0.094 | S | A.M. Lowering—light wind. P.M. Fine and clear. |\n| 15 | 29.763 | 67.8 | 29.783 | 69.8 | 59 | 65.7 | 68.7 | 57.3 | 71.3 | 0.694 | SW | Heavy rain early A.M.—Fine and clear—light clouds. |\n| 16 | 29.773 | 67.7 | 29.797 | 69.7 | 60 | 65.6 | 68.8 | 59.5 | 70.7 | 0.241 | SE | A.M. Clear—cloudy. P.M. Cloudy. |\n| 17 | 29.963 | 68.3 | 30.000 | 70.2 | 59 | 65.0 | 72.0 | 57.7 | 73.4 | NW | Fine—light clouds and haze. |\n| 18 | 30.015 | 67.7 | 29.950 | 70.9 | 55 | 68.3 | 70.9 | 56.8 | 72.5 | SW | Fine—cloudy. |\n| 19 | 29.930 | 69.3 | 29.918 | 70.7 | 53 | 67.4 | 68.5 | 56.7 | 72.5 | SSW | Fair—cloudy. |\n| 20 | 29.810 | 67.7 | 29.809 | 69.6 | 55 | 63.7 | 65.4 | 58.8 | 68.3 | SSW | Cloudy. |\n| 21 | 29.660 | 69.7 | 29.659 | 70.6 | 61 | 66.4 | 70.3 | 61.7 | 71.7 | 0.067 | SSW | Fair—cloudy—brisk unsteady wind. Rain and high wind early A.M. |\n| 22 | 29.845 | 68.4 | 29.822 | 69.3 | 50 | 66.7 | 69.0 | 52.6 | 69.7 | 0.094 | SW | A.M. Fine and clear—light brisk wind. P.M. Cloudy. |\n| 23 | 29.835 | 66.7 | 29.800 | 67.7 | 55 | 63.3 | 64.4 | 52.3 | 67.4 | SW | Cloudy. |\n| 24 | 29.830 | 65.4 | 29.886 | 68.7 | 56 | 63.4 | 68.6 | 55.6 | 70.7 | 0.031 | NE | Fair—cloudy—Brisk wind A.M. |\n| 25 | 30.071 | 67.3 | 30.079 | 70.3 | 55 | 63.3 | 71.4 | 52.5 | 72.6 | N | Fine—cloudy—light wind. |\n| 26 | 30.187 | 68.7 | 30.176 | 71.3 | 59 | 67.3 | 74.7 | 55.4 | 74.7 | NNE | Fine—light clouds and wind. |\n| 27 | 30.245 | 69.6 | 30.209 | 73.3 | 61 | 70.6 | 79.2 | 59.7 | 79.7 | ESE | Fine and cloudless. |\n| 28 | 30.176 | 71.6 | 30.117 | 74.7 | 62 | 69.6 | 77.7 | 64.7 | 79.3 | NNW | Fine and clear—cloudy. Thunder at 7 P.M. |\n| 29 | 30.135 | 72.3 | 30.123 | 75.7 | 63 | 69.6 | 76.4 | 63.3 | 80.8 | E | Clear—cloudy. Violent thunder-storm from 4 to 5 P.M. |\n| 30 | 30.192 | 72.7 | 30.157 | 75.3 | 64 | 67.6 | 77.4 | 61.3 | 78.7 | 0.436 | N | A.M. Foggy. P.M. Fine and clear. |\n| 31 | 30.133 | 76.7 | 30.070 | 76.5 | 61 | 73.3 | 77.7 | 60.3 | 79.5 | N | Fine and clear—light brisk wind. |\n\nMean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Sum\n\n| 30.014 | 69.7 | 29.997 | 71.2 | 57.3 | 67.3 | 71.6 | 58.3 | 76.6 | 2,823 |\n\nMonthly Mean of the Barometer, corrected for Capillarity and reduced to 32° Fahr. ............... { 9 A.M. 3 P.M. } { 29.899 29.878 }\n\n### OBSERVANDA.\n\nHeight of the Cistern of the Barometer above a Fixed Mark on Waterloo Bridge ......................... = 83 feet 2½ in.\n\n................................................................. above the mean level of the Sea (presumed about) .......... = 95 feet.\n\nThe External Thermometer is 2 feet higher than the Barometer Cistern.\n\nHeight of the Receiver of the Rain Gauge above the Court of Somerset House ......................... = 79 feet 0 in.\n\nThe hours of observation are of Mean Time, the day beginning at Midnight.\n\nThe Thermometers are graduated by Fahrenheit's Scale.\n\nThe Barometer is divided into inches and decimals.\n## METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL FOR AUGUST, 1831.\n\n| 1831. August | 9 o'clock, A.M. Barom. | Attach. Therm. | 3 o'clock, P.M. Barom. | Attach. Therm. | Dew Point at 9 A.M., Degrees of Fahr. | External Thermometer. | Rain, in inches. Read off at 9 A.M. | Direction of the Wind at 9 A.M. | Remarks |\n|--------------|------------------------|---------------|------------------------|---------------|-------------------------------------|----------------------|----------------------------------|-------------------------------|----------|\n| ☀ 1 | 30.068 | 76.3 | 30.021 | 77.4 | 60 | 71.4 | 73.8 | 58.6 | 75.7 | N |\n| ☀ 2 | 29.876 | 71.3 | 29.878 | 75.3 | 66 | 66.3 | 70.0 | 63.6 | 73.3 | N |\n| ☀ 3 | 29.903 | 71.3 | 29.893 | 74.2 | 64 | 66.7 | 70.6 | 63.7 | 72.3 | 0.367 | ENE |\n| ☀ 4 | 29.811 | 72.3 | 29.726 | 74.4 | 65 | 67.3 | 75.3 | 61.2 | 76.7 | 0.361 | E |\n| ☀ 5 | 29.682 | 71.7 | 29.689 | 75.4 | 69 | 68.7 | 74.4 | 65.3 | 75.3 | E |\n| ☀ 6 | 29.760 | 73.6 | 29.740 | 75.7 | 64 | 69.4 | 74.3 | 60.4 | 76.3 | 0.375 | SSW |\n| ☀ 7 | 29.687 | 74.7 | 29.684 | 75.0 | 64 | 70.4 | 70.7 | 62.3 | 75.7 | ESE |\n| ☀ 8 | 29.859 | 70.3 | 29.869 | 74.6 | 64 | 64.0 | 76.8 | 62.0 | 76.8 | NNW |\n| ☀ 9 | 29.966 | 71.4 | 29.958 | 75.5 | 66 | 69.2 | 78.2 | 64.3 | 79.7 | NW |\n| ☀ 10 | 30.057 | 71.3 | 30.099 | 73.5 | 58 | 65.6 | 72.4 | 61.3 | 74.3 | 0.203 | N |\n| ☀ 11 | 30.192 | 72.7 | 30.152 | 73.8 | 59 | 68.4 | 73.6 | 59.7 | 74.6 | N |\n| ☀ 12 | 30.163 | 70.3 | 30.123 | 73.4 | 63 | 65.3 | 72.8 | 60.3 | 75.8 | E |\n| ☀ 13 | 30.080 | 72.6 | 30.014 | 73.7 | 62 | 68.6 | 72.5 | 60.7 | 75.6 | NNW |\n| ☀ 14 | 30.040 | 71.7 | 30.005 | 73.4 | 60 | 65.3 | 71.7 | 56.7 | 72.6 | 0.042 | N |\n| ☀ 15 | 30.107 | 70.7 | 30.108 | 72.7 | 61 | 63.5 | 71.6 | 55.7 | 73.2 | N |\n| ☀ 16 | 30.140 | 68.3 | 30.104 | 70.6 | 62 | 62.7 | 69.4 | 57.7 | 70.2 | E |\n| ☀ 17 | 30.080 | 69.7 | 29.998 | 72.5 | 64 | 63.7 | 72.5 | 60.8 | 74.3 | 0.017 | W |\n| ☀ 18 | 29.970 | 68.3 | 29.944 | 69.4 | 49 | 60.3 | 67.8 | 66.3 | 68.3 | 0.264 | N |\n| ☀ 19 | 29.678 | 66.3 | 29.719 | 69.6 | 64 | 66.9 | 66.4 | 58.4 | 69.7 | 0.014 | WSW |\n| ☀ 20 | 29.666 | 66.6 | 29.812 | 68.6 | 59 | 61.3 | 67.5 | 56.7 | 67.7 | 0.011 | N |\n| ☀ 21 | 30.096 | 65.7 | 30.164 | 70.3 | 61 | 62.6 | 67.5 | 59.4 | 68.4 | 0.014 | N |\n| ☀ 22 | 30.310 | 64.7 | 30.277 | 69.2 | 59 | 60.7 | 68.0 | 55.3 | 68.7 | NNW |\n| ☀ 23 | 30.202 | 67.7 | 30.180 | 71.6 | 58 | 66.4 | 73.8 | 60.8 | 75.6 | N |\n| ☀ 24 | 29.977 | 69.7 | 29.869 | 72.2 | 62 | 67.6 | 70.4 | 58.7 | 72.6 | SSW |\n| ☀ 25 | 29.730 | 67.9 | 29.794 | 70.5 | 52 | 62.7 | 68.8 | 59.7 | 69.5 | 0.033 | W |\n| ☀ 26 | 29.983 | 70.3 | 29.946 | 71.6 | 54 | 66.7 | 69.8 | 54.4 | 71.5 | SSW |\n| ☀ 27 | 29.975 | 69.7 | 29.961 | 72.4 | 65 | 68.7 | 72.4 | 61.7 | 75.3 | WSW |\n| ☀ 28 | 30.129 | 70.3 | 30.160 | 71.7 | 61 | 63.6 | 69.5 | 55.7 | 70.5 | WSW |\n| ☀ 29 | 30.239 | 69.4 | 30.202 | 71.0 | 59 | 63.7 | 72.2 | 55.3 | 72.7 | WSW |\n| ☀ 30 | 30.147 | 69.3 | 30.101 | 72.4 | 63 | 66.5 | 73.0 | 59.6 | 74.3 | SSW |\n| ☀ 31 | 29.952 | 69.7 | 29.948 | 72.2 | 66 | 68.4 | 68.0 | 63.7 | 70.5 | WSW |\n\nMean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Sum\n\n| 29.985 | 70.2 | 29.972 | 72.7 | 61.4 | 66.0 | 71.5 | 59.9 | 73.2 | 1.701 |\n\nMonthly Mean of the Barometer, corrected for Capillarity and reduced to 32° Fahr. ............... { 9 A.M. 3 P.M. }\n{ 29.869 29.848 }\n\n### OBSERVANDA.\n\n- Height of the Cistern of the Barometer above a Fixed Mark on Waterloo Bridge ......................... = 83 feet 2½ in.\n- .................................................. above the mean level of the Sea (presumed about) .............. = 95 feet.\n- The External Thermometer is 2 feet higher than the Barometer Cistern.\n- Height of the Receiver of the Rain Gauge above the Court of Somerset House ..................... = 79 feet 0 in.\n- The hours of observation are of Mean Time, the day beginning at Midnight.\n- The Thermometers are graduated by Fahrenheit's Scale.\n- The Barometer is divided into inches and decimals.\n## METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL FOR SEPTEMBER, 1831.\n\n| 9 o'clock, A.M. | 3 o'clock, P.M. | Dew Point at 9 A.M. in degrees of Fahr. | External Thermometer. | Rain, in inches. Read off at 9 A.M. | Direction of the Wind at 9 A.M. | Remarks |\n|-----------------|-----------------|----------------------------------------|----------------------|-----------------------------------|-------------------------------|---------|\n| Barom. | Attach. Ther. | Barom. | Attach. Ther. | Fahrenheit. | Self-registering. Lowest. Highest. | Rain. |\n| 29.966 | 66.0 | 29.888 | 63.7 | 58 | 58.8 | 53.5 | 55.6 | 59.4 | 0.041 | SW | Rain. |\n| 29.843 | 62.0 | 29.883 | 64.6 | 55 | 55.0 | 58.7 | 48.2 | 60.4 | 0.922 | SW var. | Fine—light clouds and wind. |\n| 29.918 | 60.6 | 29.883 | 63.0 | 52 | 55.4 | 62.5 | 47.0 | 63.2 | NNE | Fine and clear. |\n| 29.847 | 61.6 | 29.839 | 64.3 | 55 | 58.3 | 65.0 | 47.2 | 68.2 | SSW | A.M. Fine. P.M. Light rain. |\n| 29.911 | 64.0 | 29.924 | 68.9 | 57 | 64.2 | 70.2 | 58.5 | 72.2 | 0.030 | S | A.M. Light rain. P.M. Fine—light clouds. |\n| 29.926 | 66.0 | 29.871 | 68.0 | 60 | 62.8 | 65.9 | 51.6 | 67.4 | 0.038 | SW | A.M. Overcast. P.M. Fine—light clouds. |\n| 29.879 | 65.0 | 29.788 | 66.7 | 55 | 60.3 | 62.2 | 51.8 | 64.8 | 0.061 | S | A.M. Nearly cloudless. P.M. Light rain. |\n| 29.713 | 62.6 | 29.649 | 65.8 | 52 | 58.7 | 62.0 | 48.2 | 65.9 | 0.230 | SW | A.M. Fine. P.M. Light rain. |\n| 29.584 | 60.3 | 29.643 | 62.8 | 54 | 55.2 | 55.5 | 50.0 | 58.2 | 0.058 | SW | Overcast—light rain. |\n| 29.845 | 60.3 | 29.881 | 63.6 | 55 | 57.9 | 60.3 | 53.0 | 63.6 | 0.144 | NW var. | A.M. Fair. P.M. Rain. |\n| 29.954 | 58.8 | 30.051 | 62.5 | 52 | 55.6 | 61.2 | 49.4 | 61.7 | 0.108 | S | Cloudy—rain. |\n| 30.202 | 60.8 | 30.210 | 63.4 | 55 | 58.8 | 63.7 | 55.9 | 64.6 | S | A.M. Fair. P.M. Cloudy. |\n| 30.214 | 61.0 | 30.176 | 64.5 | 54 | 58.4 | 64.8 | 54.6 | 66.0 | ENE | Fine—lightly overcast. |\n| 30.158 | 61.7 | 30.132 | 64.2 | 53 | 59.5 | 63.6 | 55.3 | 64.5 | E | A.M. Fine. P.M. Cloudy. |\n| 30.172 | 60.2 | 30.138 | 64.0 | 52 | 55.5 | 63.7 | 51.0 | 66.2 | E | Fine and clear. |\n| 30.249 | 60.4 | 30.273 | 64.2 | 52 | 55.2 | 61.4 | 54.0 | 62.6 | NE | Overcast. P.M. Light rain. |\n| 30.239 | 59.9 | 30.208 | 63.6 | 52 | 57.5 | 60.3 | 53.2 | 64.3 | WSW | A.M. Fine. P.M. Overcast. |\n| 30.120 | 61.0 | 30.049 | 64.6 | 53 | 58.4 | 64.8 | 54.0 | 66.8 | SSW | A.M. Fair. P.M. Overcast. |\n| 29.917 | 61.4 | 29.860 | 65.4 | 54 | 58.6 | 64.8 | 52.2 | 66.8 | ESE | A.M. Fine. P.M. Cloudy. At night rain. |\n| 29.859 | 59.4 | 29.851 | 63.4 | 51 | 54.2 | 62.0 | 46.9 | 63.5 | 0.041 | SW | Fine and clear. |\n| 29.814 | 61.2 | 29.825 | 64.5 | 56 | 58.8 | 64.0 | 54.0 | 63.2 | SW | A.M. Light rain. P.M. Fine and clear. |\n| 29.934 | 60.3 | 29.949 | 63.4 | 50 | 54.8 | 62.6 | 51.0 | 63.6 | WSW | Fine—light clouds. |\n| 30.130 | 59.0 | 30.118 | 63.2 | 52 | 54.2 | 64.8 | 46.5 | 65.2 | W | Fine—light clouds. |\n| 30.241 | 62.4 | 30.173 | 65.3 | 57 | 60.6 | 66.6 | 54.5 | 68.2 | S | Fine and clear—light clouds. |\n| 30.051 | 63.2 | 29.976 | 65.4 | 57 | 61.2 | 66.7 | 54.7 | 67.6 | S var. | Fine—nearly cloudless P.M. |\n| 30.039 | 63.0 | 29.936 | 64.5 | 56 | 58.9 | 62.2 | 58.0 | 63.8 | 0.033 | S | Overcast—light rain. |\n| 29.917 | 62.2 | 29.836 | 65.5 | 54 | 57.8 | 66.4 | 55.3 | 66.2 | E | A.M. Light rain. P.M. Nearly cloudless. |\n| 29.775 | 63.8 | 29.724 | 66.6 | 57 | 61.7 | 67.5 | 57.4 | 68.0 | 0.325 | E | Fine—light clouds. At night, thunder-storm. |\n| 29.629 | 65.0 | 29.609 | 68.3 | 60 | 61.2 | 67.8 | 59.6 | 69.2 | 0.631 | E | Fair—lightly overcast. |\n| 29.540 | 65.0 | 29.433 | 68.0 | 61 | 62.6 | 68.3 | 58.5 | 69.5 | SE | A.M. Fine. P.M. Cloudy. At night, thunder-storm. |\n\n**Monthly Mean of the Barometer, corrected for Capillarity and reduced to 32° Fahr.**\n\n| Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Sum |\n|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|-----|\n| 29.954 | 61.9 | 29.928 | 64.9 | 54.7 | 58.3 | 63.4 | 52.9 | 65.2 | 2.806 |\n\n---\n\n### OBSERVANDA.\n\nHeight of the Cistern of the Barometer above a Fixed Mark on Waterloo Bridge.......................... = 83 feet 2½ in.\n\n......................................................... above the mean level of the Sea (presumed about) ............... = 95 feet.\n\nThe External Thermometer is 2 feet higher than the Barometer Cistern.\n\nHeight of the Receiver of the Rain Gauge above the Court of Somerset House ......................... = 79 feet 0 in.\n\nThe hours of observation are of Mean Time, the day beginning at Midnight.\n\nThe Thermometers are graduated by Fahrenheit's Scale.\n\nThe Barometer is divided into inches and decimals.\n## METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL FOR OCTOBER, 1831.\n\n| 1831. Octob. | 9 o'clock, A.M. | 3 o'clock, P.M. | Dew Point at 9 A.M. in degrees of Fahr. | External Thermometer. | Rain, in inches. Read off at 9 A.M. | Direction of the Wind at 9 A.M. | Remarks |\n|--------------|----------------|----------------|----------------------------------------|----------------------|----------------------------------|-------------------------------|---------|\n| | Barom. | Attach. Therm. | Barom. | Attach. Therm. | Fahrenheit | Self-registering. | |\n| H₂ | 29.311 | 66.2 | 29.340 | 68.7 | 62 | 63.0 | 66.6 61.0 68.2 0.261 S Fine—light clouds. Heavy rain at night. |\n| O | 29.365 | 65.2 | 29.455 | 67.6 | 60 | 61.6 | 65.4 56.7 65.4 0.188 SE var. Fine—light clouds. |\n| D | 29.720 | 64.0 | 29.781 | 66.8 | 61 | 60.0 | 65.0 54.2 66.4 S Fine and clear—light wind. Rain at night. |\n| S | 29.842 | 64.4 | 29.917 | 66.0 | 58 | 58.8 | 63.6 56.6 64.7 0.158 WSW Fine and cloudless. Heavy rain at night. |\n| ♀ | 29.931 | 63.5 | 29.974 | 65.5 | 58 | 58.4 | 62.2 55.3 63.4 0.119 WSW Fine and cloudless. |\n| ♣ | 29.951 | 62.7 | 29.934 | 65.4 | 60 | 61.0 | 64.8 54.4 66.3 S var. Cloudy—light unsteady wind. Heavy rain at noon. |\n| ♀ | 29.754 | 64.3 | 29.691 | 66.6 | 61 | 63.8 | 66.6 59.3 67.8 0.033 ESE Fine and cloudless. |\n| H₂ | ............... | ............... | 29.643 | 63.9 | ...... | ...... | 58.6 57.0 61.2 SE Overcast—light rain. Thunder-storm at 1 P.M. |\n| O | 29.683 | 62.3 | 29.724 | 64.3 | 58 | 56.5 | 61.0 53.0 61.6 0.463 WSW Fair—lightly cloudy. |\n| D | 29.667 | 61.2 | 29.647 | 63.5 | 57 | 58.0 | 60.7 53.0 63.0 0.003 SW Fine—cloudy—light wind. |\n| S | 29.732 | 61.5 | 29.758 | 64.0 | 58 | 59.3 | 60.6 56.6 62.2 S A.M. Fine—light clouds. P.M. Light rain. |\n| ♀ | 29.750 | 61.2 | 29.720 | 62.8 | 59 | 58.7 | 61.6 56.7 62.2 NW Overcast—light rain. |\n| ♣ | 29.697 | 61.4 | 29.633 | 64.6 | 58 | 60.0 | 62.5 54.6 64.3 0.725 SSE Overcast—light wind. High wind through the night. |\n| ♀ | 29.615 | 63.7 | 29.677 | 65.5 | 61 | 61.7 | 62.7 60.7 64.3 SSE var. Lowering—unsteady wind. |\n| H₂ | 29.822 | 62.7 | 29.857 | 65.4 | 58 | 58.6 | 61.8 56.3 63.3 SSW Fair—lightly overcast. |\n| O | 30.185 | 59.4 | 30.251 | 62.3 | 52 | 52.7 | 60.3 48.2 60.3 WSW Fine and clear—light clouds. |\n| D | 30.383 | 58.6 | 30.364 | 61.7 | 55 | 55.4 | 60.8 47.6 61.5 W Fine and clear. |\n| S | 30.432 | 59.8 | 30.404 | 61.8 | 58 | 58.4 | 60.7 55.3 62.3 W Strong haze. |\n| ♀ | 30.266 | 60.7 | 30.174 | 62.8 | 57 | 57.8 | 62.8 55.3 63.6 E Fine and cloudless. |\n| ♣ | 30.017 | 60.7 | 29.978 | 63.3 | 58 | 58.4 | 60.8 53.3 62.3 S Cloudy. |\n| O | 29.951 | 60.9 | 29.962 | 62.7 | 57 | 57.5 | 59.0 55.3 59.5 SW Cloudy. Evening, clear. |\n| H₂ | 30.066 | 55.6 | 29.981 | 58.5 | 50 | 53.7 | 56.4 46.7 58.7 SSE Overcast. Rain P.M. |\n| O | 29.960 | 59.3 | 29.816 | 60.7 | 57 | 58.8 | 61.0 53.3 61.0 S Cloudy. P.M. Rain. Evening, clear. |\n| D | 30.099 | 57.3 | 30.058 | 60.2 | 48 | 51.7 | 58.0 47.6 58.6 WSW Fine. A.M. Cloudless. |\n| S | 29.891 | 58.0 | 29.764 | 59.3 | 53 | 56.4 | 55.8 51.4 58.4 SSE Cloudy. P.M. Light rain. |\n| ♀ | 29.536 | 58.5 | 29.572 | 60.2 | 57 | 57.4 | 57.8 53.3 59.7 SSE Cloudy. Light shower A.M. |\n| ♣ | 29.742 | 57.3 | 29.691 | 58.0 | 52 | 52.8 | 54.7 52.3 55.0 0.119 SW Rain. |\n| ♀ | 30.077 | 55.8 | 30.204 | 58.0 | 52 | 52.7 | 56.5 48.4 57.3 0.036 SW Fine and cloudless. |\n| ♣ | 30.314 | 55.4 | 30.267 | 58.2 | 51 | 51.6 | 56.3 48.3 57.2 W A.M. Cloudless—fog and deposition. P.M. Cloudy. Evening clear. |\n| O | 30.302 | 52.6 | 30.245 | 55.4 | 44 | 44.2 | 52.7 40.3 52.7 WSW A.M. Cloudless—haze and deposition. P.M. Lightly cloudy. |\n| D | 30.208 | 53.9 | 30.176 | 56.6 | 51 | 51.7 | 56.2 43.5 57.4 WSW A.M. Fine. P.M. Lightly overcast. |\n\nMean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Sum\n\n| 29.909 | 60.3 | 29.892 | 62.6 | 56.0 | 57.0 | 60.4 | 53.1 | 61.6 | 2.105 |\n\nMonthly Mean of the Barometer, corrected for Capillarity and reduced to 32° Fahr. .................. 9 A.M. 3 P.M. {29.822 29.798}\n\n### OBSERVANDA.\n\nHeight of the Cistern of the Barometer above a Fixed Mark on Waterloo Bridge ......................... =83 feet 2½ in. ................................................................. above the mean level of the Sea (presumed about) ......................... =95 feet.\n\nThe External Thermometer is 2 feet higher than the Barometer Cistern.\n\nHeight of the Receiver of the Rain Gauge above the Court of Somerset House ......................... =79 feet 0 in.\n\nThe hours of observation are of Mean Time, the day beginning at Midnight.\n\nThe Thermometers are graduated by Fahrenheit's Scale,\n\nThe Barometer is divided into inches and decimals.\n## METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL FOR NOVEMBER, 1831.\n\n| 1831 Novemb. | 9 o'clock, A.M. | 3 o'clock, P.M. | Dew Point at 9 A.M. in degrees of Fahr. | External Thermometer | Rain, in inches, Read off at 9 A.M. | Direction of the Wind at 9 A.M. | Remarks |\n|--------------|----------------|----------------|----------------------------------------|---------------------|----------------------------------|-------------------------------|---------|\n| | Barom. | Attach. Therm. | Barom. | Attach. Therm. | Fahrenheit. Self-registering. | Lowest. Highest. | S |\n| 1 | 30.035 | 57.4 | 29.950 | 55.8 | 51 | 53.8 | 55.2 | 55.3 | S | Cloudy. |\n| 2 | 29.777 | 55.6 | 29.730 | 56.6 | 53 | 53.5 | 52.5 | 52.3 | WSW | Fine—lightly cloudy. |\n| 3 | 29.494 | 52.6 | 29.449 | 52.9 | 44 | 46.7 | 45.0 | 44.3 | SW | Fine—lightly cloudy. |\n| 4 | 29.771 | 47.6 | 29.849 | 50.3 | 42 | 42.5 | 46.8 | 35.6 | W | A.M. Cloudless, P.M. Lightly overcast. |\n| 5 | 29.520 | 47.6 | 29.410 | 50.7 | 47 | 47.4 | 50.5 | 38.3 | S | Overcast. Light rain P.M. |\n| 6 | 29.607 | 47.3 | 29.385 | 49.7 | 44 | 44.3 | 50.2 | 39.7 | WSW | Foggy. Rain P.M. |\n| 7 | 29.477 | 50.0 | 29.527 | 51.8 | 41 | 46.9 | 49.4 | 43.4 | SW | Fine and cloudless. |\n| 8 | 29.666 | 49.3 | 29.784 | 51.9 | 45 | 46.8 | 51.2 | 43.4 | WSW | Fine and cloudless. |\n| 9 | 30.155 | 46.4 | 30.245 | 48.2 | 39 | 39.4 | 46.2 | 37.4 | W | A.M. Strong fog. P.M. Fine. |\n| 10 | 30.421 | 43.4 | 30.333 | 45.2 | 35 | 35.3 | 41.8 | 32.4 | WNW | Foggy. |\n| 11 | 30.245 | 47.4 | 30.255 | 49.8 | 49 | 49.4 | 53.6 | 34.4 | WSW | Foggy. Evening, light rain. |\n| 12 | 30.326 | 51.0 | 30.348 | 54.0 | 51 | 52.7 | 54.3 | 48.7 | NNW | Foggy. |\n| 13 | 29.994 | 51.8 | 29.968 | 52.7 | 49 | 49.7 | 49.4 | 48.4 | W | A.M. Foggy—deposition. P.M. Fine—light clouds. |\n| 14 | 30.053 | 45.3 | 29.762 | 47.8 | 32 | 36.4 | 43.6 | 32.8 | WSW | A.M. Cloudless—light wind. P.M. Hazy. At night, rain. |\n| 15 | 29.478 | 44.2 | 29.372 | 45.5 | 35 | 37.4 | 40.4 | 34.7 | W | A.M. Cloudless, P.M. Lightly overcast. |\n| 16 | 29.312 | 41.4 | 29.372 | 43.0 | 33 | 36.3 | 40.4 | 32.7 | WNW | A.M. Cloudless, P.M. Fair—light haze. Evening, light rain. |\n| 17 | 29.585 | 39.7 | 29.546 | 40.5 | 33 | 33.8 | 36.4 | 31.7 | W | Foggy. Light snow early A.M. |\n| 18 | 29.691 | 38.5 | 29.765 | 40.8 | 29 | 31.3 | 37.6 | 28.7 | WNW | Overcast—foggy. |\n| 19 | 29.436 | 40.7 | 29.493 | 43.2 | 40 | 40.4 | 43.5 | 30.3 | NNW | Fair—light clouds and wind. |\n| 20 | 29.838 | 40.7 | 29.882 | 42.3 | 35 | 38.6 | 40.3 | 33.7 | W | Overcast—light fog. Rain at night. |\n| 21 | 29.679 | 44.3 | 29.776 | 46.9 | 52 | 52.4 | 54.7 | 37.4 | WNW | Overcast—foggy—light wind. Evening, deposition. |\n| 22 | 29.850 | 48.8 | 29.893 | 50.7 | 54 | 54.6 | 57.2 | 51.8 | WSW | Foggy. A.M. Deposition. Evening, light rain. |\n| 23 | 29.966 | 52.7 | 29.962 | 54.3 | 53 | 54.6 | 56.8 | 53.0 | WSW | Overcast. |\n| 24 | 30.032 | 53.4 | 30.004 | 55.4 | 50 | 50.6 | 56.8 | 47.7 | SW | Fine—light clouds. |\n| 25 | 29.960 | 54.3 | 29.893 | 55.5 | 51 | 51.2 | 54.4 | 47.0 | SSW | Cloudy. Evening, light rain. |\n| 26 | 29.944 | 54.6 | 30.051 | 53.7 | 51 | 51.5 | 52.5 | 50.3 | W | Overcast. |\n| 27 | 30.321 | 46.7 | 30.367 | 47.7 | 32 | 37.2 | 41.4 | 35.6 | NE | Overcast. |\n| 28 | 30.497 | 43.9 | 30.480 | 44.6 | 29 | 35.8 | 41.2 | 33.7 | NNW | Foggy—light wind. |\n| 29 | 30.547 | 42.7 | 30.526 | 42.8 | 36 | 36.7 | 43.2 | 36.3 | E | Foggy. |\n| 30 | 30.314 | 41.7 | 30.190 | 43.3 | 36 | 36.7 | 42.8 | 34.3 | W | Light fog. Rain P.M. |\n\n### Monthly Mean of the Barometer, corrected for Capillarity and reduced to 32° Fahr.\n\n| Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Sum |\n|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|-----|\n| 29.900 | 47.4 | 29.886 | 48.9 | 42.4 | 49.8 | 47.6 | 39.3 | 49.1 | 0.860 |\n\n### OBSERVANDA.\n\nHeight of the Cistern of the Barometer above a Fixed Mark on Waterloo Bridge = 83 feet 2½ in.\n\nabove the mean level of the Sea (presumed about) = 95 feet.\n\nThe external Thermometer is 2 feet higher than the Barometer Cistern.\n\nHeight of the Receiver of the Rain Gauge above the Court of Somerset House = 79 feet 0 in.\n\nThe hours of observation are of Mean Time, the day beginning at Midnight.\n\nThe Thermometers are graduated by Fahrenheit's Scale.\n\nThe Barometer is divided into inches and decimals.\n## METEOROLOGICAL JOURNAL FOR DECEMBER, 1831.\n\n| 1831. Decemb. | 9 o'clock, A.M. | 3 o'clock, P.M. | Dew Point at 9 A.M. in degrees of Fahr. | External Thermometer. | Rain, in inches. Read off at 9 A.M. | Direction of the Wind at 9 A.M. | Remarks. |\n|---------------|-----------------|-----------------|--------------------------------------|-----------------------|-----------------------------------|-----------------------------|----------|\n| | Barom. | Attach. Ther. | Barom. | Attach. Ther. | Fahrenheit. | Self-registering. | |\n| | | | | | 9 A.M. | Lowest. | Highest. |\n| 4 1 | 30.170 | 46.8 | 30.125 | 47.3 | 44 | 44.3 | 46.8 | 37.3 | 47.3 | 0.078 | NW | Overcast—light wind. |\n| ♀ 2 | 30.027 | 46.7 | 30.027 | 48.4 | 44 | 45.0 | 47.5 | 44.3 | 47.5 | | NNW | Overcast and foggy. |\n| ♀ 3 | 30.148 | 47.7 | 30.128 | 47.9 | 43 | 44.7 | 45.8 | 44.6 | 45.8 | | NW | Foggy—light wind. |\n| ♀ 4 | 30.028 | 47.7 | 29.658 | 49.3 | 45 | 45.7 | 49.3 | 44.6 | 49.7 | | WSW | Foggy—light deposition. |\n| ♀ 5 | 29.837 | 48.8 | 29.720 | 49.9 | ...... | 44.6 | 48.2 | 44.3 | 48.3 | | WSW | Fair—light fog. |\n| ♀ 6 | 29.432 | 48.8 | 29.421 | 50.3 | 47 | 47.5 | 48.8 | 42.0 | 51.3 | | SW | Fair—lightly overcast—light wind. |\n| ♀ 7 | 28.924 | 50.7 | 28.986 | 52.4 | 50 | 51.3 | 52.0 | 47.6 | 53.3 | | SSE | Overcast. High wind with rain A.M. |\n| ♀ 8 | 29.139 | 51.3 | 29.124 | 53.4 | 51 | 51.3 | 54.3 | 47.8 | 54.0 | 0.089 | SSW | Light rain and fog. |\n| ♀ 9 | 29.190 | 55.3 | 29.206 | 56.3 | 53 | 53.4 | 53.5 | 51.6 | 54.6 | | SW | A.M. Clear. P.M. Rain. |\n| ♀ 10 | 29.418 | 53.8 | 29.569 | 55.8 | ...... | 50.7 | 51.7 | 46.7 | 52.4 | | S | Fair—lightly overcast. |\n| ♀ 11 | 29.342 | 53.9 | 29.309 | 55.5 | 50 | 52.6 | 54.2 | 48.8 | 55.6 | 0.305 | SSE var. | Light wind. A.M. Fair. P.M. Overcast. |\n| ♀ 12 | 29.307 | 53.8 | 29.128 | 54.6 | 51 | 51.2 | 54.0 | 49.0 | 54.2 | | SE var. | Overcast—light wind. Light rain A.M. |\n| ♀ 13 | 29.395 | 53.2 | 29.497 | 54.4 | 48 | 50.0 | 51.0 | 48.9 | 51.2 | | SSW | A.M. Fine. P.M. Light rain. |\n| ♀ 14 | 29.573 | 51.5 | 29.582 | 52.2 | 47 | 46.8 | 47.7 | 44.5 | 48.6 | | SW | Fair—light haze and wind. |\n| ♀ 15 | 29.792 | 47.7 | 29.742 | 49.5 | 38 | 39.3 | 45.8 | 38.4 | 47.3 | | WSW | { A.M. Cloudless—fog. P.M. Lightly overcast. }\n| ♀ 16 | 29.851 | 47.7 | 29.606 | 50.4 | 37 | 38.5 | 47.6 | 37.7 | 50.7 | | SW | { A.M. Cloudless—fog and deposition. }\n| ♀ 17 | 29.744 | 48.4 | 29.794 | 49.6 | 37 | 40.4 | 44.0 | 38.7 | 47.7 | | WSW | { High wind with rain at night. }\n| ♀ 18 | 29.373 | 49.5 | 29.412 | 50.3 | 44 | 44.8 | 45.5 | 40.7 | 46.4 | 0.033 | SSW | Cloudless—hazy. |\n| ♀ 19 | 29.567 | 46.7 | 29.643 | 47.6 | 39 | 39.9 | 42.5 | 39.7 | 42.6 | | WSW | A.M. Fog and deposition. P.M. Fine. |\n| ♀ 20 | 29.775 | 45.6 | 29.707 | 47.0 | 37 | 40.3 | 43.7 | 39.7 | 44.7 | | SW | Cloudless—hazy. |\n| ♀ 21 | 29.657 | 46.0 | 29.742 | 46.7 | 42 | 42.2 | 43.2 | 40.5 | 43.7 | | WSW | Light fog and wind. |\n| ♀ 22 | 29.836 | 44.7 | 29.649 | 46.8 | 40 | 40.0 | 46.3 | 35.8 | 46.4 | | SSW | Fog and wind. |\n| ♀ 23 | 29.815 | 44.7 | 29.980 | 46.2 | 36 | 38.7 | 41.3 | 36.5 | 41.3 | | WSW | Lightly overcast. Deposition A.M. |\n| ♀ 24 | 30.233 | 42.2 | 30.262 | 42.2 | 33 | 35.3 | 35.0 | 32.9 | 38.0 | | ...... | Foggy—light wind. |\n| ♀ 25 | 30.331 | 39.7 | 30.286 | 39.7 | 32 | 32.5 | 33.6 | 30.3 | 34.4 | | WNW | Strong fog throughout the day. |\n| ♀ 26 | 30.274 | 38.7 | 30.311 | 40.2 | 34 | 34.4 | 36.8 | 29.8 | 37.3 | | WNW | A.M. Strong haze. P.M. Lightly cloudy. |\n| ♀ 27 | 30.427 | 39.0 | 30.418 | 40.0 | 33 | 35.7 | 38.3 | 33.3 | 38.3 | | ...... | Strong haze. A.M. and evening. Fine. |\n| ♀ 28 | 30.428 | 40.4 | 30.392 | 42.7 | 39 | 39.4 | 41.0 | 35.3 | 41.3 | | NNE | P.M. |\n| ♀ 29 | 30.313 | 41.4 | 30.229 | 43.5 | 38 | 39.5 | 40.0 | 37.3 | 40.7 | | NNE | Foggy—light wind. |\n| ♀ 30 | 30.226 | 41.2 | 30.186 | 41.0 | 33 | 36.2 | 35.9 | 35.3 | 36.3 | | NNE | Fair—light fog. |\n| ♀ 31 | 30.238 | 38.4 | 30.227 | 39.6 | 33 | 34.6 | 35.8 | 32.3 | 35.7 | | N | A.M. Overcast. P.M. Fair. |\n| | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | Sum | | | | |\n| | 29.800 | 46.9 | 29.776 | 48.1 | 41.3 | 42.9 | 45.2 | 40.6 | 46.0 | 0.505 | | | |\n\nMonthly Mean of the Barometer, corrected for Capillarity and reduced to 32° Fahr. ............... { 9 A.M. 3 P.M. }\n{ 29.751 29.724 }\n\n**OBSERVANDA.**\n\nHeight of the Cistern of the Barometer above a Fixed Mark on Waterloo Bridge......................... = 83 feet 2½ in.\n.............................................................................................................................. above the mean level of the Sea (presumed about) ................ = 95 feet.\n\nThe External Thermometer is 2 feet higher than the Barometer Cistern.\n\nHeight of the Receiver of the Rain Gauge above the Court of Somerset House......................... = 79 feet 0 in.\n\nThe hours of observation are of Mean Time, the day beginning at Midnight.\n\nThe Thermometers are graduated by Fahrenheit's Scale.\n\nThe Barometer is divided into inches and decimals.", "source": "olmocr", "added": "2026-01-12", "created": "2026-01-12", "metadata": { "Source-File": "/home/jic823/projects/def-jic823/royalsociety/pdfs/107960.pdf", "olmocr-version": "0.3.4", "pdf-total-pages": 8, "total-input-tokens": 13694, "total-output-tokens": 17702, "total-fallback-pages": 0 }, "attributes": { "pdf_page_numbers": [ [ 0, 0, 1 ], [ 0, 152, 2 ], [ 152, 9901, 3 ], [ 9901, 19127, 4 ], [ 19127, 27533, 5 ], [ 27533, 36300, 6 ], [ 36300, 44690, 7 ], [ 44690, 57391, 8 ] ], "primary_language": [ "en", "en", "en", "en", "en", "en", "en", "en" ], "is_rotation_valid": [ true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true ], "rotation_correction": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "is_table": [ false, false, true, true, true, true, true, true ], "is_diagram": [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ] }, "jstor_metadata": { "identifier": "jstor-107960", "title": "Meteorological Journal, Kept by the Assistant Secretary at the Apartments of the Royal Society, by Order of the President and Council", "authors": null, "year": 1832, "volume": "122", "journal": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London", "page_count": 8, "jstor_url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/107960" } }