{ "id": "af203ea03b4edd6aa94def2da69be9bc3eaa3427", "text": "ADVERTISEMENT.\n\nThe Committee appointed by the Royal Society to direct the publication of the Philosophical Transactions, take this opportunity to acquaint the Public, that it fully appears, as well from the Council-books and Journals of the Society, as from repeated declarations which have been made in several former Transactions, that the printing of them was always, from time to time, the single act of the respective Secretaries till the Forty-seventh Volume; the Society, as a Body, never interesting themselves any further in their publication, than by occasionally recommending the revival of them to some of their Secretaries, when, from the particular circumstances of their affairs, the Transactions had happened for any length of time to be intermitted. And this seems principally to have been done with a view to satisfy the Public, that their usual meetings were then continued, for the improvement of knowledge, and benefit of mankind, the great ends of their first institution by the Royal Charters, and which they have ever since steadily pursued.\n\nBut the Society being of late years greatly enlarged, and their communications more numerous, it was thought advisable that a Committee of their members should be appointed, to reconsider the papers read before them, and select out of them such as they should judge most proper for publication in the future Transactions; which was accordingly done upon the 26th of March 1752. And the grounds of their choice are, and will continue to be, the importance and singularity of the subjects, or the advantageous manner of treating them; without pretending to answer for the certainty of the facts, or propriety of the reasonings, contained in the several papers so published, which must still rest on the credit or judgement of their respective authors.\n\nIt is likewise necessary on this occasion to remark, that it is an established rule of the Society, to which they will always adhere, never to give their opinion, as a Body,\nupon any subject, either of Nature or Art, that comes before them. And therefore\nthe thanks, which are frequently proposed from the Chair, to be given to the authors\nof such papers as are read at their accustomed meetings, or to the persons through\nwhose hands they received them, are to be considered in no other light than as a\nmatter of civility, in return for the respect shown to the Society by those communi-\ncations. The like also is to be said with regard to the several projects, inventions,\nand curiosities of various kinds, which are often exhibited to the Society; the authors\nwhereof, or those who exhibit them, frequently take the liberty to report and even to\ncertify in the public newspapers, that they have met with the highest applause and\napprobation. And therefore it is hoped that no regard will hereafter be paid to such\nreports and public notices; which in some instances have been too lightly credited,\nto the dishonour of the Society.\n\nThe Meteorological Journal hitherto kept by the Assistant Secretary at the Apart-\nments of the Royal Society, by order of the President and Council, and published in\nthe Philosophical Transactions, has been discontinued. The Government, on the\nrecommendation of the President and Council, has established at the Royal Obser-\nvatory at Greenwich, under the superintendence of the Astronomer Royal, a Magnet-\nical and Meteorological Observatory, where observations are made on an extended\nscale, which are regularly published. These, which correspond with the grand\nscheme of observations now carrying out in different parts of the globe, supersede\nthe necessity of a continuance of the observations made at the Apartments of the\nRoyal Society, which could not be rendered so perfect as was desirable, on account\nof the imperfections of the locality and the multiplied duties of the observer.\nA List of Public Institutions and Individuals, entitled to receive a copy of the Philosophical Transactions of each year, on making application for the same directly or through their respective agents, within five years of the date of publication.\n\nIn the British Dominions.\nThe Queen's Library.\nThe Admiralty Library.\nThe Ashmolean Society, Oxford.\nThe Radcliffe Library, Oxford.\nThe Royal Geographical Society.\nThe United Service Museum.\nThe Royal College of Physicians.\nThe Society of Antiquaries.\nThe Linnean Society.\nThe Royal Institution of Great Britain.\nThe Society for the Encouragement of Arts.\nThe Geological Society.\nThe Geological Survey of Great Britain.\nThe Horticultural Society.\nThe Chemical Society.\nThe Royal Astronomical Society.\nThe Royal Asiatic Society.\nThe Royal Society of Literature.\nThe Medical and Chirurgical Society.\nThe London Institution.\nThe Entomological Society of London.\nThe Zoological Society of London.\nThe Institute of British Architects.\nThe Institution of Civil Engineers.\nThe Cambridge University Philosophical Society.\nThe Literary and Philosophical Society, Manchester.\nThe Royal Society of Edinburgh.\nThe Royal Irish Academy.\nThe Royal Dublin Society.\nThe Royal Institution, Swansea.\nThe Asiatic Society at Calcutta.\nThe Royal Artillery Library at Woolwich.\nThe Royal Observatory at Greenwich.\nThe Observatory at Dublin.\nThe Observatory at Armagh.\nThe Library and Museum, Barbadoes.\nThe Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope.\nThe Observatory at Madras.\nThe Observatory at Paramatta.\nThe Observatory at Edinburgh.\n\nDenmark.\nThe Royal Society of Sciences at Copenhagen.\nThe Royal Observatory at Altona.\n\nFrance\nThe Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris.\nThe Royal Academy of Sciences at Toulouse.\nThe Ecole des Mines at Paris.\nThe Geographical Society at Paris.\nThe Entomological Society of France.\nThe Dépôt de la Marine, Paris.\nThe Geological Society of France.\nThe Jardin des Plantes, Paris.\n\nGermany.\nThe University at Göttingen.\nThe Cesarean Academy of Naturalists at Bonn.\nThe Observatory at Mannheim.\nThe Royal Academy of Sciences at Munich.\n\nItaly.\nThe Institute of Sciences at Naples.\nThe Institute of Sciences, Letters and Arts, at Milan.\nThe Italian Society of Sciences at Modena.\nThe Royal Academy of Sciences at Turin.\n\nSwitzerland.\nThe Société de Phys. et d'Hist. Nat. at Geneva.\n\nBelgium.\nThe Royal Academy of Sciences at Brussels.\n\nNetherlands.\nThe Royal Institute of Amsterdam.\nThe Batavian Society of Experimental Philosophy at Rotterdam.\n\nSpain.\nThe Royal Observatory at Cadiz.\n\nPortugal.\nThe Royal Academy of Sciences at Lisbon.\n\nPrussia.\nThe Royal Academy of Sciences at Berlin.\nThe Society of Experimental Philosophy, Berlin.\n\nRussia.\nThe Imperial Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburg.\nThe Imperial Observatory at Pulkowa.\n\nSweden and Norway.\nThe Royal Academy of Sciences at Stockholm.\nThe Royal Society of Sciences at Drontheim.\n\nUnited States.\nThe American Philosophical Society at Philadelphia.\nThe American Academy of Sciences at Boston.\nThe Library of Harvard College.\nSmithsonian Institution, Washington.\nThe Observatory at Washington.\nThe fifty Foreign Members of the Royal Society.\nA List of Public Institutions and Individuals, entitled to receive a copy of the Astronomical Observations made at the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, on making application for the same directly or through their respective agents, within two years of the date of publication.\n\nIn the British Dominions.\n\nThe Queen's Library.\nThe Board of Ordnance.\nThe Royal Society.\nThe Savilian Library, Oxford.\nThe Library of Trinity College, Cambridge.\nThe University of Aberdeen.\nThe University of St. Andrews.\nThe University of Dublin.\nThe University of Edinburgh.\nThe Observatory, Edinburgh.\nThe University of Glasgow.\nThe Observatory at Oxford.\nThe Observatory at Cambridge.\nThe Observatory at Dublin.\nThe Observatory at Armagh.\nThe Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope.\nThe Observatory at Paramatta.\nThe Observatory at Madras.\nThe Royal Institution of Great Britain.\nThe Royal Society, Edinburgh.\nThe Observatory, Trevandrum, East Indies.\nThe President of the Royal Society.\nS. H. Christie, Esq., Woolwich.\nThe Lowndes Professor of Astronomy, Cambridge.\nThe Plumian Professor of Astronomy, Cambridge.\nL. Holland, Esq., London.\nSir John William Lubbock, Bart.\nCaptain W. H. Smyth, R.N., Chelsea.\nSir James South, Observatory, Kensington.\n\nIn Foreign Countries.\n\nThe Royal Academy of Sciences at Berlin.\nThe Royal Academy of Sciences at Paris.\nThe Imperial Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburg.\nThe Royal Academy of Sciences at Stockholm.\nThe Royal Society of Sciences at Upsal.\nThe Board of Longitude of France.\nThe University of Göttingen.\nThe University of Leyden.\nThe Academy of Bologna.\nThe American Academy of Sciences at Boston.\nThe American Philosophical Society at Philadelphia.\nThe Observatory at Altona.\nThe Observatory at Berlin.\nThe Observatory at Breslau.\nThe Observatory at Brussels.\nThe Observatory at Cadiz.\nThe Observatory at Coimbra.\nThe Observatory at Copenhagen.\nThe Observatory at Dorpat.\nThe Observatory at Helsingfors.\nThe Observatory at Königsberg.\nThe Observatory at Mannheim.\nThe Observatory at Marseilles.\nThe Observatory at Milan.\nThe Observatory at Munich.\nThe Observatory at Palermo.\nThe Observatory at Paris.\nThe Observatory at Seeberg.\nThe Observatory at Vienna.\nThe Observatory at Tubingen.\nThe Observatory at Turin.\nThe Observatory at Wilna.\nThe Dépôt de la Marine, Paris.\nThe Bowdoin College, United States.\nThe Library of Harvard College.\nThe Waterville College, United States.\nList of Observatories, Institutions and Individuals, entitled to receive a Copy of the Magnetical and Meteorological Observations made at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich.\n\n### Observatories\n\n| Location | Name |\n|-------------------|-------------------------------|\n| Altona | M. Schumacher |\n| Armagh | Rev. Dr. Robinson |\n| Berlin | J. F. Encke |\n| Bombay | Dr. Buist |\n| Barnaoul | M. Prang, Ist. |\n| Breslau | Prof. Boguslawski |\n| Brussels | A. Quetelet |\n| Cadiz | M. Cerquero |\n| Cairo | M. Lambert |\n| Cambridge | Prof. Challis |\n| Cambridge, United States | Prof. Lovering |\n| Cape of Good Hope | T. Maclear, Esq. |\n| Catherineburgh | M. Rochkoff |\n| Christiania | M. Hansteen |\n| Cincinnati | Dr. Locke |\n| Copenhagen | M. Oersted |\n| Dublin | Sir W. R. Hamilton |\n| Gotha | |\n| Hammerfest | |\n| Heidelberg | M. Tiedemann |\n| Helsingfors | M. Nervander |\n| Hobarton | Lieut. Kay, R.N. |\n| Kasan | M. Simonoff |\n| Kew | F. Ronalds, Esq. |\n| Königsberg | |\n| Kremsmünster | Prof. Koller |\n| Leipsic | Prof. Weber |\n| Madras | Major Jacob |\n| Mannheim | |\n| Marburg | Prof. Gerling |\n| Milan | M. Carlini |\n| Munich | Dr. Lamont |\n| Nertchinsk | M. Prang, 2nd. |\n| Nikolaieff | Dr. Knorre |\n| Oxford | M. J. Johnson, Esq. |\n| Paris | M. Arago |\n| Pekin | M. Gachkévitche |\n| Prague | M. Kreil |\n| Pulkowa | M. Struve |\n| St. Petersburgh | M. Kupffer |\n| Seeberg | M. Hansen |\n| Sitka | Messrs. Homann and Ivanoff |\n| Stockholm | Prof. Selander |\n| Teffis | M. Philadelphine |\n\n### Institutions\n\n| Institution | Description |\n|-------------------|------------------------------|\n| Aberdeen | University |\n| Berlin | Academy of Sciences |\n| Bologna | Academy |\n| Bombay | Geographical Society |\n| Bonn | University |\n| Boston | Academy of Sciences |\n| Bowdoin College | United States |\n| Bowditch Library | United States |\n| Cambridge | Trinity College Library |\n| Cherkow | Library, Philosophical Society |\n| Dorpat | University |\n| Dublin | University |\n| Edinburgh | Observatory |\n| Edinburgh | Royal Society |\n| Edinburgh | University |\n| Glasgow | University |\n| Göttingen | University |\n| Harvard, U.S. | College |\n| Kiew | University |\n| Leyden | University |\n| House of Lords, Library | London |\n| House of Commons, Library | \" \" |\n| London | King's College |\n| London | Royal Institution |\n| London | Royal Society |\n| Moscow | University |\n| Oxford | Savilian Library |\n| Paris | Academy of Sciences |\n| Paris | Board of Longitude |\n| Paris | Dépôt de la Marine |\n| Philadelphia | Philosophical Society |\nQueen's Library . . . . . London.\nRoyal Cornwall Polytechnic Society . . . . . Falmouth.\nSt. Andrew's . . . . . University.\nSt. Bernard . . . . . Convent.\nSt. Petersburg . . . . Academy of Sciences.\nSt. Petersburg . . . . Geographical Society.\nStockholm . . . . . Academy of Sciences.\nUpsal . . . . . Society of Sciences.\nWashington . . . . Smithsonian Institution.\nWaterville, U.S. . . . College Library.\nWoolwich . . . . Office of Mag. and Met. Publication.\n\nIndividuals.\nBache, Dr. A. D. . . . Washington.\nBarlow, P. W., Esq. . . Woolwich.\nBirt, W. H., Esq. . . London.\nChristie, S. H., Esq. . . Woolwich.\nColebrooke, Sir W. . . Guiana.\nDemidoff, Prince Anatole de Florence.\nDove, Prof. . . Berlin.\nCapt. C. M. Elliot . . .\nErman, Dr. Adolph . . Berlin.\nFox, R. W., Esq. . . Falmouth.\nGauss, Prof. . . Göttingen.\nGilliss, Lt. J. M., U.S. Navy Washington.\nHarris, Sir W. Snow . . Plymouth.\nHolland, L., Esq. . . London.\nHoward, Luke, Esq. . . Tottenham.\nHumboldt, Baron von . . Berlin.\nKaemtz, M. . . . Halle.\nKupffer, A. T. . . St. Petersburg.\nLawson, Henry G., Esq. . Bath.\nLloyd, Rev. Dr. . . Dublin.\nLoomis, Prof. . . Princeton, N.I.\nLowndes Prof. of Astronomy Cambridge.\nLubbock, Sir John W., Bart. London.\nLütke, Vice-Admiral . . St. Petersburg.\nMelvill, J. C., Esq. . East India House.\nMentchikoff, Prince . . St. Petersburg.\nPhillips, John, Esq. . York.\nPlumian Prof. of Astronomy Cambridge.\nPresident of the Royal Society London.\nQuetelet, A. . . Brussels.\nRedfield, W. C., Esq. . New York.\nReid, Lieutenant-Colonel . London.\nRiddell, Capt., R.A. . Edinburgh.\nRoget, P. M., M.D. . London.\nSabine, Lieut.-Col., R.A. . Woolwich.\nSenftenberg, Baron von . Prague.\nSmyth, W. H., Captain R.N. London.\nSouth, Sir James . . \" \"\nWartmann, Prof. Elie . Lausanne.\nWrangell, Vice-Admiral . St. Petersburg.\nYounghusband, Capt., R.A. . Woolwich.\nROYAL MEDALS.\n\nHER MAJESTY QUEEN VICTORIA, in restoring the Foundation of the Royal Medals, has been graciously pleased to approve the following regulations for the award of them:\n\nThat the Royal Medals be given for such papers only as have been presented to the Royal Society, and inserted in their Transactions.\n\nThat the triennial Cycle of subjects be the same as that hitherto in operation: viz.\n1. Astronomy; Physiology, including the Natural History of Organized Beings.\n2. Physics; Geology or Mineralogy.\n3. Mathematics; Chemistry.\n\nThat, in case no paper, coming within these stipulations, should be considered deserving of the Royal Medal, in any given year, the Council have the power of awarding such Medal to the author of any other paper on either of the several subjects forming the Cycle, that may have been presented to the Society and inserted in their Transactions; preference being given to the subjects of the year immediately preceding: the award being, in such case, subject to the approbation of Her Majesty.\n\nThe Council propose to give one of the Royal Medals in the year 1849 for the most important paper in Physics, communicated to the Royal Society after the termination of the Session in June 1845, and prior to the termination of the Session in June 1848, and printed in the Philosophical Transactions.\n\nThe Council propose also to give one of the Royal Medals in the year 1849 for the most important paper in Geology or Mineralogy, communicated to the Royal Society after the termination of the Session in June 1845, and prior to the termination of the Session in June 1848, and printed in the Philosophical Transactions.\n\nMDCCCL.\nThe Council propose to give one of the Royal Medals in the year 1850 for the most important paper in Mathematics, communicated to the Royal Society after the termination of the Session in June 1846, and prior to the termination of the Session in June 1849, and printed in the Philosophical Transactions.\n\nThe Council propose also to give one of the Royal Medals in the year 1850 for the most important paper in Chemistry, communicated to the Royal Society after the termination of the Session in June 1846, and prior to the termination of the Session in June 1849, and printed in the Philosophical Transactions.\n\nThe Council propose to give one of the Royal Medals in the year 1851 for the most important paper in Astronomy, communicated to the Royal Society after the termination of the Session in June 1847, and prior to the termination of the Session in June 1850, and printed in the Philosophical Transactions.\n\nThe Council propose also to give one of the Royal Medals in the year 1851 for the most important paper in Physiology, including the Natural History of Organized Beings, communicated to the Royal Society after the termination of the Session in June 1847, and prior to the termination of the Session in June 1850, and printed in the Philosophical Transactions.\n\nThe Council propose to give one of the Royal Medals in the year 1852 for the most important paper in Physics, communicated to the Royal Society after the termination of the Session in June 1848, and prior to the termination of the Session in June 1851, and printed in the Philosophical Transactions.\n\nThe Council propose also to give one of the Royal Medals in the year 1852 for the most important paper in Geology or Mineralogy, communicated to the Royal Society after the termination of the Session in June 1848, and prior to the termination of the Session in June 1851, and printed in the Philosophical Transactions.\nCONTENT.\n\nI. THE BAKERIAN LECTURE.—ON THE DIFFUSION OF LIQUIDS. BY THOMAS GRAHAM, F.R.S., F.C.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 1\n\nII. ON THE NITROGENATED PRINCIPLES OF VEGETABLES AS THE SOURCES OF ARTIFICIAL ALKALOIDS. BY DR. JOHN STENHOUSE, F.R.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47\n\nIII. ON THE MECHANICAL EQUIVALENT OF HEAT. BY JAMES PRESCOTT JOULE, F.C.S., Sec. Lit. and Phil. Society, Manchester, Cor. Mem. R.A., Turin, &c. Communicated by MICHAEL FARADAY, D.C.L., F.R.S., Foreign Associate of the Academy of Sciences, Paris, &c. &c. &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61\n\nIV. ON THE AUTOMATIC REGISTRATION OF MAGNETOMETERS, AND METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS, BY PHOTOGRAPHY.—NO. III. BY CHARLES BROOKE, M.B., F.R.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83\n\nV. RESEARCHES REGARDING THE MOLECULAR CONSTITUTION OF THE VOLATILE ORGANIC BASES. BY DR. A. W. HOFMANN, F.C.S., PROFESSOR OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF CHEMISTRY OF LONDON. Communicated by Sir James Clark, Bart., F.R.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93\n\nVI. ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREAT ANTERIOR VEINS IN MAN AND MAMMALIA; INCLUDING AN ACCOUNT OF CERTAIN REMNANTS OF FOETAL STRUCTURE FOUND IN THE ADULT, A COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THESE GREAT VEINS IN THE DIFFERENT MAMMALIA, AND AN ANALYSIS OF THEIR OCCASIONAL PECULIARITIES IN THE HUMAN SUBJECT. BY JOHN MARSHALL, F.R.C.S., late Demonstrator of Anatomy in University College, London; Assistant Surgeon to the University College Hospital. Communicated by Professor Sharpey, F.R.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133\n\nVII. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES IN ELECTRICITY.—TWENTY-THIRD SERIES. BY MICHAEL FARADAY, ESQ., D.C.L., F.R.S., Fullerian Prof. Chem. Royal Institution, Foreign Associate of the Acad. Sciences, Paris, Ord. Boruss. Pour le Mérite, Eq., Memb. Royal and Imp. Acad. of Sciences, Petersburgh, Florence, Copenhagen, Berlin, Göttingen, Modena, Stockholm, Munich, Bruxelles, Vienna, Bologna, &c. &c. &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171\n\nVIII. ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RETINA AND OPTIC NERVE, AND OF THE MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH AND AUDITORY NERVE. BY HENRY GRAY, M.R.C.S. Communicated by W. BOWMAN, F.R.S., Professor of Physiology and of General and Morbid Anatomy in King's College, London . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189\nIX. On the means adopted in the British Colonial Magnetic Observatories for determining the absolute Values, Secular Change, and Annual Variation of the Magnetic Force. By Lieut.-Colonel Edward Sabine, R.A., For. Sec. R.S. page 201\n\nX. Observations on the Freezing of the Albumen of Eggs. By James Paget, Esq., Professor of Anatomy and Surgery to the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Communicated by Thomas Bell, Sec. R.S. .................. 221\n\nXI. Researches on the Tides.—Fourteenth Series. On the Results of continued Tide Observations at several places on the British Coasts. By the Rev. W. Whewell, D.D., F.R.S. .................. 227\n\nXII. Experiments and Observations upon the Properties of Light. By Lord Brougham, F.R.S., Member of the National Institute, and of the Royal Academy of Naples .................. 235\n\nXIII. General Methods in Analysis for the resolution of Linear Equations in Finite Differences and Linear Differential Equations. By Charles James Hargreave, Esq., LL.B., F.R.S., Professor of Jurisprudence in University College, London .................. 261\n\nXIV. Electro-Physiological Researches.—Eighth Series. By Signor Carlo Matteucci. Communicated by W. R. Grove, Esq., F.R.S. .................. 287\n\nERRATA.\n\nThe plant mentioned by Professor Macaire in his paper, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1848, p. 253, as Tamus communis, is not Smilax aspera, as suggested in the note at that page, but Bryonia dioica.\n\nPage 243, line 9, for E read F.\n——— 257, line 25, for light read night.\n——— 257, line 29, for polarity read polarization.\nADJUDICATION of the Medals of the Royal Society for the year 1850 by the President and Council.\n\nThe Copley Medal to Professor Hansen, for his researches in Physical Astronomy.\n\nThe Royal Medal in the department of Chemistry, to B. C. Brodie, Esq., F.R.S., for his \"Investigations on the Chemical Nature of Wax,\" published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1848 and 1849.\n\nThere being no paper in the department of Mathematics coming within the terms of the award of the Royal Medal, it was awarded to Thomas Graham, Esq., F.R.S., for his paper \"On the Motion of Gases,\" published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1849.\n\nThe Rumford Medal to M. F. J. D. Arago, for his \"Experimental Investigations on Polarized Light,\" the concluding memoirs on which were communicated to the Academy of Sciences of Paris during the last two years.\n\nThe Bakerian Lecture for 1850 was delivered by Michael Faraday, Esq., F.R.S., and entitled \"Experimental Researches in Electricity.—Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth, Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Series. On the magnetic condition of oxygen,\" &c.\nCONTENTS\n\nXV. Discussion of Meteorological Observations taken in India, at various heights, embracing those at Dodabetta on the Neelgherry Mountains, at 8640 feet above the level of the sea. By Lieutenant-Colonel W. H. Sykes, F.R.S. . . . . . . 297\n\nXVI. On the Pelorosaurus; an undescribed gigantic terrestrial reptile whose remains are associated with those of the Iguanodon and other Saurians in the Strata of Tilgate Forest, in Sussex. By Gideon Algernon Mantell, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., Vice-President of the Geological Society, &c. . . . . . . . . 379\n\nXVII. On a Dorsal dermal Spine of the Hylaeosaurus, recently discovered in the Strata of Tilgate Forest. By Gideon Algernon Mantell, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., Vice-President of the Geological Society, &c. . . . . . . . . 391\n\nXVIII. Supplementary Observations on the Structure of the Belemnite and Belemno-teuthis. By Gideon Algernon Mantell, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., Vice-President of the Geological Society, &c. . . . . . . . . 393\n\nXIX. On the Algebraic Expression of the number of Partitions of which a given number is susceptible. By Sir J. F. W. Herschel, Bart., K.H., F.R.S. . . . . . . . . 399\n\nXX. Experiments on the Section of the Glossopharyngeal and Hypoglossal Nerves of the Frog, and observations of the alterations produced thereby in the Structure of their Primitive Fibres. By Augustus Waller, M.D. Communicated by Professor Owen, F.R.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423\n\nXXI. Influence of Physical Agents on the development of the Tadpole of the Triton and the Frog. By John Higginbottom, Hon. Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Communicated by Thomas Bell, Esq., Sec. R.S. . . . . . . . . 431\nXXII. On the Temperature of Man within the Tropics. By John Davy, M.D., F.R.S.,\nL. & E., Inspector-General of Army Hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437\n\nXXIII. On the Oils produced by the Action of Sulphuric Acid upon various Classes\nof Vegetables. By John Stenhouse, Esq., Ph.D., F.R.S. . . . . . . . . . . . 467\n\nXXIV. On the Development and Homologies of the Molar Teeth of the Wart-Hogs\n(Phacochœrus), with Illustrations of a System of Notation for the Teeth in the\nClass Mammalia. By Professor Owen, F.R.S. &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481\n\nXXV. Observations on the Nebulæ. By The Earl of Rosse, Pres. R.S. &c. &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499\n\nXXVI. On the Structure and Use of the Ligamentum Rotundum Uteri, with some\nobservations upon the change which takes place in the Structure of the Uterus\nduring Utero-gestation. By G. Rainey, M.R.C.S., Demonstrator of Anatomy\nat St. Thomas's Hospital. Communicated by Joseph Henry Green, Esq.,\nF.R.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515\n\nXXVII. On the Communications between the Cavity of the Tympanum and the Palate\nin the Crocodilia (Gavials, Alligators and Crocodiles). By Professor Owen,\nF.R.S. &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521\n\nXXVIII. On the Structure of the Dental Tissues of the Order Rodentia. By John\nTomes, Surgeon-Dentist to the Middlesex Hospital. Communicated by Wil-\nliam Bowman, Esq., F.R.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529\n\nXXIX. Sequel to a paper on the Reduction of the Thermometrical Observations made\nat the Apartments of the Royal Society. By James Glaisher, Esq., F.R.S., of\nthe Royal Observatory, Greenwich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569\n\nXXX. On the Dynamical Stability and on the Oscillations of Floating Bodies. By\nthe Rev. Henry Moseley, M.A., F.R.S., Corresponding Member of the Institute\nof France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609\n\nXXXI. Electro-Physiological Researches. On Induced Contraction.—Ninth Series.\nBy Signor Carlo Matteucci, Professor in the University of Pisa, &c. &c.\nCommunicated by W. R. Grove, Esq., F.R.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645\n\nXXXII. Contributions to the Chemistry of the Urine.—Paper IV. On the so-called\nChylous Urine. By Henry Bence Jones, M.D., M.A. Cantab., F.R.S., Phy-\nsician to St. George’s Hospital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651\n\nXXXIII. Contributions to the Chemistry of the Urine.—Paper III. Part IV. On the\nVariations of the Sulphates and Phosphates in Disease. By Henry Bence\nJones, M.D., M.A. Cantab., F.R.S., Physician to St. George’s Hospital . . 661\n\nXXXIV. Second Appendix to a paper on the Variations of the Acidity of the Urine in\nthe state of Health. By Henry Bence Jones, M.D., M.A. Cantab., F.R.S., Physician to St. George's Hospital\n\nXXXV. An Experimental Inquiry into the Strength of Wrought-Iron Plates and their Riveted Joints as applied to Ship-building and Vessels exposed to severe strains. By William Fairbairn, Esq. Communicated by the Rev. Henry Moseley, F.R.S.\n\nXXXVI. On the Mutual Relations of the Vital and Physical Forces. By William B. Carpenter, M.D., F.R.S., F.G.S., Examiner in Physiology and Comparative Anatomy in the University of London\n\nXXXVII. On the Condition of certain Elements at the moment of Chemical Change. By Benjamin Collins Brodie, Esq., F.R.S.\n\nXXXVIII. Supplementary Observations on the Diffusion of Liquids. By Thomas Graham, F.R.S., F.C.S.\n\nIndex\n\nAPPENDIX.\n\nPHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS, PART I. 1850.\n\nERRATA.\n\nPage 245, line 13, after placed insert parallel to it.\n\n— 246, line 1, for VI. read XV.\n\n— 246, line 1, for one, A, read one, B.\n\n— 246, line 2, for B read A.\n\n— 246, line 17, after result insert in.\n\n— 246, line 19, for fringe read force.\n\n— 252, line 13, erase b=DE, and for \\( \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{a^2 + (x-b)^2} - \\sqrt{c^2 + x^2}} \\) read \\( \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{a^2 + x^2} - \\sqrt{b^2 + x^2}} \\).\n\n— 253, line 16, for being read between.\n\n— 254, line 19, for XI. read XII.\n\n— 254, line 21, for e, c read c, c.\n\n— 257, line 13, for 19 read 21.\n\n— 257, line 25, for light read night.\n\n— 257, line 29, for polarity read polarization.\n\n— 258, line 4, for ss read z.\n\n— 258, line 6, for \\( \\sqrt{v^2 + Zdz} \\) read \\( \\sqrt{v^2 + 2fZdz} \\).\n\nIn figs. 6 and 7, R R' should be a straight line.\n\nIn fig. 9, P should be opposite to q.", "source": "olmocr", "added": "2026-01-12", "created": "2026-01-12", "metadata": { "Source-File": "/home/jic823/projects/def-jic823/royalsociety/pdfs/108423.pdf", "olmocr-version": "0.3.4", "pdf-total-pages": 17, "total-input-tokens": 26840, "total-output-tokens": 8625, "total-fallback-pages": 0 }, "attributes": { "pdf_page_numbers": [ [ 0, 0, 1 ], [ 0, 0, 2 ], [ 0, 1993, 3 ], [ 1993, 3845, 4 ], [ 3845, 6999, 5 ], [ 6999, 9405, 6 ], [ 9405, 13868, 7 ], [ 13868, 15711, 8 ], [ 15711, 17373, 9 ], [ 17373, 19269, 10 ], [ 19269, 21953, 11 ], [ 21953, 23540, 12 ], [ 23540, 23540, 13 ], [ 23540, 24625, 14 ], [ 24625, 26342, 15 ], [ 26342, 29344, 16 ], [ 29344, 30986, 17 ] ], "primary_language": [ "en", "en", "en", "en", "en", "en", "en", "en", "en", "en", "en", "en", "en", "en", "en", "en", "en" ], "is_rotation_valid": [ true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true ], "rotation_correction": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "is_table": [ false, false, false, false, false, false, true, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ], "is_diagram": [ false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false ] }, "jstor_metadata": { "identifier": "jstor-108423", "title": "Front Matter", "authors": null, "year": 1850, "volume": "140", "journal": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London", "page_count": 17, "jstor_url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/108423" } }