{ "id": "3438dd8e37cd148ad1fffffe4bba2251415b7526", "text": "ADVERTISEMENT.\n\nThe Committee appointed by the Royal Society to direct the publication of the Philosophical Transactions, take this opportunity to acquaint the Public, that it fully appears, as well from the Council-books and Journals of the Society, as from repeated declarations which have been made in several former Transactions, that the printing of them was always, from time to time, the single act of the respective Secretaries till the Forty-seventh Volume; the Society, as a Body, never interesting themselves any further in their publication, than by occasionally recommending the revival of them to some of their Secretaries, when, from the particular circumstances of their affairs, the Transactions had happened for any length of time to be intermitted. And this seems principally to have been done with a view to satisfy the Public, that their usual meetings were then continued, for the improvement of knowledge, and benefit of mankind, the great ends of their first institution by the Royal Charters, and which they have ever since steadily pursued.\n\nBut the Society being of late years greatly enlarged, and their communications more numerous, it was thought advisable that a Committee of their members should be appointed, to reconsider the papers read before them, and select out of them such as they should judge most proper for publication in the future Transactions; which was accordingly done upon the 26th of March 1752. And the grounds of their choice are, and will continue to be, the importance and singularity of the subjects, or the advantageous manner of treating them; without pretending to answer for the certainty of the facts, or propriety of the reasonings, contained in the several papers so published, which must still rest on the credit or judgement of their respective authors.\n\nIt is likewise necessary on this occasion to remark, that it is an established rule of the Society, to which they will always adhere, never to give their opinion, as a Body, upon any subject, either of Nature or Art, that comes before them. And therefore the\nthanks, which are frequently proposed from the Chair, to be given to the authors of such papers as are read at their accustomed meetings, or to the persons through whose hands they received them, are to be considered in no other light than as a matter of civility, in return for the respect shown to the Society by those communications. The like also is to be said with regard to the several projects, inventions, and curiosities of various kinds, which are often exhibited to the Society; the authors whereof, or those who exhibit them, frequently take the liberty to report and even to certify in the public newspapers, that they have met with the highest applause and approbation. And therefore it is hoped that no regard will hereafter be paid to such reports and public notices; which in some instances have been too lightly credited, to the dishonour of the Society.\n\nThe Meteorological Journal hitherto kept by the Assistant Secretary at the Apartments of the Royal Society, by order of the President and Council, and published in the Philosophical Transactions, has been discontinued. The Government, on the recommendation of the President and Council, has established at the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, under the superintendence of the Astronomer Royal, a Magnetical and Meteorological Observatory, where observations are made on an extended scale, which are regularly published. These, which correspond with the grand scheme of observations now carrying out in different parts of the globe, supersede the necessity of a continuance of the observations made at the Apartments of the Royal Society, which could not be rendered so perfect as was desirable, on account of the imperfections of the locality and the multiplied duties of the observer.\nA List of Public Institutions and Individuals, entitled to receive a copy of the Philosophical Transactions of each year, on making application for the same directly or through their respective agents, within five years of the date of publication.\n\n### Observatories\n\n| Armagh | Kew |\n|--------|-----|\n| Cape of Good Hope | Liverpool |\n| Dublin | Madras |\n| Edinburgh | Oxford (Radcliffe) |\n| Greenwich |\n\n### Institutions\n\n| Barbadoes | Library and Museum. |\n|-----------|---------------------|\n| Calcutta | Asiatic Society. |\n| Cambridge | Geological Museum. |\n| Cambridge | Philosophical Society. |\n| Dublin | Royal Dublin Society. |\n| | Royal Irish Academy. |\n| Edinburgh | Royal Society. |\n| London | Admiralty Library. |\n| | Chemical Society. |\n| | Entomological Society. |\n| | Geological Society. |\n| | Geological Survey of Great Britain. |\n| | Horticultural Society. |\n| | Institute of British Architects. |\n| | Institution of Civil Engineers. |\n| | Linnean Society. |\n| | London Institution. |\n| | Medical and Chirurgical Society. |\n| | Queen’s Library. |\n| | Royal Asiatic Society. |\n| | Royal Astronomical Society. |\n| | Royal College of Physicians. |\n| | Royal Geographical Society. |\n| | Royal Institution of Great Britain. |\n| | Royal Society of Literature. |\n| | Society of Antiquaries. |\n| | Society of Arts. |\n| | The Treasury Library. |\n| | United Service Museum. |\n| | Zoological Society. |\n| Malta | Public Library. |\n| Manchester| Literary and Philosophical Society. |\n| Oxford | Ashmolean Society. |\n| | Radcliffe Library. |\n| Swansea | Royal Institution. |\n| Sydney | University Library. |\n| Woolwich | Royal Artillery Library. |\n\n### Belgium\n\nBrussels Royal Academy of Sciences.\n\n### Denmark\n\nAltona Royal Observatory.\nCopenhagen Royal Society of Sciences.\n\n### France\n\nParis Academy of Sciences.\nDépôt de la Marine.\nÉcole des Mines.\nEntomological Society.\nGeographical Society.\nGeological Society.\nJardin des Plantes.\nToulouse Academy of Sciences.\n\n### Germany\n\nBerlin Royal Academy of Sciences.\nSociety of Experimental Philosophy.\nBonn Cesarean Acad. of Naturalists.\nFrankfort Natural History Society.\nGiessen University.\nGöttingen University.\nHamburg Naturwissenschaftlicher-Verein.\nLeipzig Royal Saxon Society of Sciences.\nMannheim Observatory.\nMunich Royal Academy of Sciences.\nVienna Imperial Academy of Sciences.\nWürzburg Physico-Medical Society.\n\n### Hungary\n\nPesth Hungarian Academy of Sciences.\n\n### Italy\n\nMilan Institute of Sciences, Letters and Arts.\nModena Italian Society of Sciences.\nNaples Institute of Sciences.\nRome The Academy de’ Nuovi Lincei.\nThe Collegio Romano.\nTurin Royal Academy of Sciences.\n\n### Java\n\nBatavia Batavian Society of Sciences.\n\n### Netherlands\n\nAmsterdam Royal Institute.\nHaarlem Dutch Society of Sciences.\nRotterdam Batavian Society of Experimental Philosophy.\n\n### Portugal\n\nLisbon Royal Academy of Sciences.\n\n### Russia\n\nMoscow Imperial Society of Naturalists.\nPulkowa Observatory.\nSt. Petersburgh Imperial Academy of Sciences.\n\n### Spain\n\nCadiz Observatory.\nMadrid Royal Academy of Sciences.\n\n### Sweden and Norway\n\nDrontheim Royal Society of Sciences.\nStockholm Royal Academy of Sciences.\n\n### Switzerland\n\nBern Allg. Schweizerischen Gesellschaft.\nGeneva Société de Phys. et d’Hist. Naturelle.\n\n### United States\n\nAlbany New York State Library.\nBoston American Academy of Sciences.\nCambridge Harvard University.\nPhiladelphia American Philosophical Society.\nWashington Smithsonian Institution.\nObservatory.\n\nThe fifty Foreign Members of the Royal Society.\nA List of Public Institutions and Individuals, entitled to receive a copy of the Astronomical Observations (including Magnetism and Meteorology) made at the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, on making application for the same directly or through their respective agents, within two years of the date of publication.\n\n| Observatories | Institutions |\n|-----------------------|--------------------------------------------------|\n| Altona | Aberdeen University |\n| Armagh | Berlin Academy |\n| Berlin | Bologna Academy |\n| Breslau | Boston American Academy of Sciences |\n| Brussels | Brunswick, U.S., Bowdoin College |\n| Cadiz | Cambridge Trinity College Library |\n| Cambridge | Cambridge, U.S., Harvard University |\n| Cape of Good Hope | Dublin University |\n| Coimbra | Edinburgh University |\n| Copenhagen | Glasgow University |\n| Dorpat | Göttingen University |\n| Dublin | Leyden University |\n| Edinburgh | London Board of Ordnance |\n| Helsingfors | Königsberg Queen’s Library |\n| Königsberg | Madras Royal Institution |\n| Madras | Mannheim Royal Society |\n| Mannheim | Marseilles Savilian Library |\n| Milan | Oxford Academy of Sciences |\n| Munich | Paris Board of Longitude |\n| Oxford | Pesth Hungarian Academy |\n| Palermo | Philadelphia American Philosophical Society |\n| Paris | Philadelphia American Philosophical Society |\n| Seeberg | St. Andrews University |\n| Trevandrum | St. Petersburgh Impérial Academy |\n| Tübingen | Stockholm Royal Academy of Sciences |\n| Turin | Upsal Royal Society |\n| Vienna | Waterville (U.S.), College |\n| Wilna | |\n\n| Individuals | |\n|-----------------------| |\n| Christie, S. H., Esq. | Twickenham |\n| Lubbock, Sir John William, Bart. | London. |\n| Lowndes Professor of Astronomy | Cambridge. |\n| Plumian Professor of Astronomy | |\n| President of the Royal Society | London. |\n| Ross, Rear-Admiral Sir J. C. | Aylesbury. |\n| Smyth, Rear-Admiral W. H. | Aylesbury. |\n| South, Sir James | Kensington. |\n| The Earl of Rosse | Parsonstown. |\nA List of Observatories, Institutions and Individuals, entitled to receive a Copy of the\nMagnetical and Meteorological Observations made at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich.\n\n| Observatories | Individuals |\n|-------------------------------|----------------------------------|\n| Bombay | Bache, Dr. A. D. |\n| Cairo | Barlow, P. W., Esq. |\n| Cambridge, United States | Ballot, Dr. Buys |\n| Christiania | Demidoff, Prince Anatole de |\n| Gotha | Dove, Prof. H. W. |\n| Heidelberg | Erman, Dr. Adolph |\n| Kew | Fox, R. W., Esq. |\n| Kremsmünster | Gilliss, Lt. J. M., U.S. Navy |\n| Leipsic | Harris, Sir W. Snow |\n| Marburg | Howard, Luke, Esq. |\n| Prague | Humboldt, Baron von |\n| Stockholm | Kaemtz, Prof. L. F. |\n| Toronto | Kreil, Prof. K. |\n| Upsal | Kupffer, A. T. |\n| Washington | (Twelve copies for distribution to the Russian Mag. and Met. Obs.) |\n| | Lloyd, Rev. Dr. |\n| | Loomis, Professor |\n| | Lovering, Professor |\n| | Melvill, Sir J. C. |\n| | Pegado, Dr. |\n| | Phillips, John, Esq. |\n| | Quetelet, A. |\n| | Reid, Major-Gen. Sir W., R.E. |\n| | Riddell, Lieut.-Colonel, R.A. |\n| | Sabine, Major-General, R.A. |\n| | Senftenberg, Baron von |\n| | Vernon, G. V., Esq. |\n| | Wartmann, Professor Elie |\n| | Younghusband, Capt., R.A. |\n\n| Institutions | |\n|-------------------------------|--------------------------------|\n| Bombay | Geographical Society. |\n| Bonn | University. |\n| Bowditch Library | United States. |\n| Cambridge | Philosophical Society. |\n| Cherkow | University. |\n| Falmouth | Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society. |\n| London | House of Lords, Library. |\n| | House of Commons, Library. |\n| | King's College. |\n| | Royal Society. |\n| | University College, Library. |\n| Oxford | Radcliffe Observatory. |\n| Paris | Meteorological Society. |\n| St. Bernard | Convent. |\n| Washington | Smithsonian Institution. |\n| Woolwich | Office of Mag. and Met. Publ. |\n## CONTENTS\n\nI. The Bakerian Lecture.—On the Stratifications and Dark Band in Electrical Discharges as observed in Torricellian Vacua. By John P. Gassiot, V.P.R.S. \nII. A Memoir on the Theory of Matrices. By Arthur Cayley, Esq., F.R.S. \nIII. A Memoir on the Automorphic Linear Transformation of a Bipartite Quadric Function. By Arthur Cayley, Esq., F.R.S. \nIV. Supplementary Researches on the Partition of Numbers. By Arthur Cayley, Esq., F.R.S. \nV. An Account of some recent Researches near Cairo, undertaken with the view of throwing light upon the Geological History of the Alluvial Land of Egypt.—Instituted by Leonard Horner, Esq., Vice-President of the Royal Society, Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and Vice-President of the Geological Society. \nVI. Researches on the Structure and Homology of the Reproductive Organs of the Annelids. By Thomas Williams, M.D., F.R.S., Physician to the Swansea Infirmary. Communicated by Thomas Bell, Esq., F.R.S., President of the Linnean Society, &c. \nVII. On the Partitions of the R-Pyramid, being the first class of R-gonous X-edra. By the Rev. Thomas P. Kirkman, M.A., F.R.S., Rector of Croft with Southworth. \nVIII. On the Isolation of the Radical, Mercuric Methyl. By George Bowdler Buckton, Esq., F.R.S. \nIX. Description of the Skull and Teeth of the Placodus laticeps, Owen, with indications of other new Species of Placodus, and evidence of the Saurian Nature of that Genus. By Professor Owen, V.P.R.S., Superintendent of the Natural History Departments in the British Museum. \nX. On the Properties of Electro-deposited Antimony. By G. Gore, Esq. Communicated by Dr. Tyndall, F.R.S. \nXI. On the Constitution of the Essential Oil of Rue. By C. Greville Williams, Lecturer on Chemistry in the Normal College, Swansea.\nXII. On the Action of Ammonia on Glyoxal. By Dr. H. Debus. Communicated by Professor Tyndall, F.R.S.\n\nXIII. On some Physical Properties of Ice. By John Tyndall, F.R.S., Professor of Natural Philosophy in the Royal Institution of Great Britain\n\nXIV. Researches on the Intimate Structure of the Brain, Human and Comparative.—First Series. On the Structure of the Medulla oblongata. By J. Lockhart Clarke, Esq., F.R.S.\n\nXV. On the Megatherium (Megatherium Americanum, Cuvier and Blumenbach).—Part IV. Bones of the Anterior Extremities. By Professor Owen, V.P.R.S., Superintendent of the Natural History Departments in the British Museum.\n\nLIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.\n\nPlate I.—Mr. Gassiot on the Stratifications and Dark Band in Electrical Discharges as observed in Torricellian Vacua.\n\nPlates II. III. IV. V.—Mr. Horner on the Alluvial Land of Egypt.\n\nPlates VI. VII. VIII.—Dr. T. Williams's Researches on the Structure and Homology of the Reproductive Organs of the Annelids.\n\nPlates IX. X. XI.—Professor Owen on the Skull and Teeth of the Placodus laticeps.\n\nPlates XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII.—Mr. J. Lockhart Clarke on the Intimate Structure of the Brain, Human and Comparative.\n\nPlates XVIII. XIX. XX. XXI. XXII.—Professor Owen on the Megatherium.\nCONTENTS.\n\nXVI. On the Anatomy and Physiology of the Spongiadae. By J. S. Bowerbank, LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S. &c. ........................................... page 279\n\nXVII. On the Physical Structure of the Old Red Sandstone of the County of Waterford, considered with relation to Cleavage, Joint Surfaces, and Faults. By the Rev. Samuel Haughton, M.A., F.G.S., Fellow of Trinity College, and Professor of Geology in the University of Dublin. Communicated by Professor Tyndall, F.R.S. .......................................................................................... 333\n\nXVIII. On the Relative Power of Metals and Alloys to conduct Heat.—Part I. By F. Crace Calvert, Esq., F.C.S., Corr. Mem. Roy. Acad. Turin, Société de Pharmacie, Paris, &c.; and Richard Johnson, Esq., F.C.S. &c. Communicated by Professor Stokes, Sec. R.S. ......................................................................................... 349\n\nXIX. On the Thermo-electric Series. By Augustus Matthiessen, Ph.D. Communicated by Charles Wheatstone, Esq., F.R.S. .................................................................................................... 369\n\nXX. On the Electric Conducting Power of the Metals. By Augustus Matthiessen, Ph.D. Communicated by Charles Wheatstone, Esq., F.R.S. .................................................................................................... 383\n\nXXI. On the Resistance of Tubes to collapse. By William Fairbairn, Esq., C.E., F.R.S. &c. .................................................................................................................. 389\n\nXXII. A Fourth Memoir upon Quantics. By Arthur Cayley, Esq., F.R.S. .................................................................................................................. 415\n\nXXIII. A Fifth Memoir upon Quantics. By Arthur Cayley, Esq., F.R.S. .................................................................................................................. 429\n\nXXIV. On the Tangential of a Cubic. By Arthur Cayley, Esq., F.R.S. .................................................................................................................. 461\n\nXXV. Astronomical Experiment on the Peak of Teneriffe, carried out under the sanction of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. By Professor C. Piazzi Smyth. Communicated by G. B. Airy, Esq., Astronomer Royal .................................................................................................................. 465\n\nXXVI. On Curves of the Third Order. By the Rev. George Salmon, Trinity College, Dublin. Communicated by Arthur Cayley, Esq., F.R.S. .................................................................................................................. 535\n\nXXVII. On the Magnetic Induction of Crystals. By Professor Julius Plücker, of Bonn, F.M.R.S., H.M.R.I. .................................................................................................................. 543\nXXVIII. On the Development of Decapod Crustacea. By C. Spence Bate, F.L.S. &c. \nCommunicated by Sir W. Snow Harris, F.R.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589\n\nXXIX. An Inquiry regarding the parts of the Nervous System which regulate the contractions of the Arteries. By Joseph Lister, Esq., F.R.C.S. Eng. and Edin., Assistant Surgeon to the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh. Communicated by Dr. Sharpey, Sec. R.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607\n\nXXX. On the Cutaneous Pigmentary System of the Frog. By Joseph Lister, Esq., F.R.C.S. Eng. and Edin., Assistant Surgeon to the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh. Communicated by Dr. SharpEy, Sec. R.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627\n\nXXXI. On the Early Stages of Inflammation. By Joseph Lister, Esq., F.R.C.S. Eng. and Edin., Assistant Surgeon to the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh. Communicated by Dr. SharpEy, Sec. R.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645\n\nXXXII. On the Structure of Lavas which have consolidated on steep slopes; with Remarks on the Mode of Origin of Mount Etna, and on the Theory of “Craters of Elevation.” By Sir Charles Lyell, F.R.S., D.C.L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703\n\nXXXIII. Note on Archdeacon Pratt’s Paper “On the Effect of Local Attraction in the English Arc.” By Captain A. R. Clarke, R.E. Communicated by Lieut.-Colonel James, R.E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787\n\nXXXIV. On the Organization of the Brachiopoda. By Albany Hancock, Esq. Communicated by T. H. Huxley, Esq., F.R.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791\n\nXXXV. On Chondrosteus, an Extinct Genus of the Sturionidae, found in the Lias Formation at Lyme Regis. By Sir Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton, Bart., M.P., F.R.S., F.G.S. &c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871\n\nXXXVI. On the Influence of Temperature on the Refraction of Light. By the Rev. T. P. Dale, M.A., F.R.A.S., and Dr. J. H. Gladstone, F.R.S. . . . . 887\n\nXXXVII. On the Structure and Functions of the Hairs of the Crustacea. By Campbell De Morgan, Surgeon to the Middlesex Hospital. Communicated by George Busk, Esq. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895\n\nIndex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905\n\nAppendix.\n\nPresents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [ 1 ]\nLIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.\n\nPlates XXIII. XXIV. XXV. XXVI.—Dr. J. S. Bowerbank on the Anatomy and Physiology of the Spongiadæ.\n\nPlate XXVII.—Mr. Crace Calvert and Mr. R. Johnson on the Relative Power of Metals and Alloys to conduct Heat.\n\nPlates XXVIII. XXIX.—Mr. Fairbairn on the Resistance of Tubes to collapse.\n\nPlates XXX. XXXI. XXXII. XXXIII. XXXIV. XXXV. XXXVI. XXXVII. XXXVIII. XXXIX.—The Admiralty Astronomical Experiment on the Peak of Teneriffe.\n\nPlates XL. XLI. XLII. XLIII. XLIV. XLV. XLVI.—Mr. C. Spence Bate on the Development of Decapod Crustacea.\n\nPlates XLVII. XLVIII.—Mr. J. Lister on the Cutaneous Pigmentary System of the Frog.\n\nPlates XLIX. L. LI.—Sir Charles Lyell on the Structure of Lavas which have consolidated on steep slopes.\n\nPlates LII. LIII. LIV. LV. LVI. LVII. LVIII. LIX. LX. LXI. LXII. LXIII. LXIV. LXV. LXVI.—Mr. Hancock on the Organization of the Brachiopoda.\n\nPlates LXVII. LXVIII. LXIX. LXX.—Sir P. G. Egerton on Chondrosteus, an Extinct Genus of the Sturionidæ.\n\nPlate LXXI.—Mr. C. De Morgan on the Structure and Functions of the Hairs of the Crustacea.\nADJUDICATION of the Medals of the Royal Society for the year 1858 by the President and Council.\n\nThe Copley Medal to Sir Charles Lyell, for his various Researches and Writings by which he has contributed to the advance of Geology.\n\nA Royal Medal to Mr. Albany Hancock, for his various Researches on the Anatomy of the Mollusca.\n\nA Royal Medal to Mr. William Lassell, for his various Astronomical Discoveries and Researches.\n\nThe Rumford Medal to M. Jules Jamin, for his various Experimental Researches on Light.\n\nThe Bakerian Lecture was delivered by J. P. Gassiot, Esq., F.R.S., and entitled \"On the Stratifications and Dark Band in Electrical Discharges as observed in Torricellian Vacua.\"\n\nThe Croonian Lecture was delivered by T. H. Huxley, Esq., F.R.S., and entitled \"On the Theory of the Vertebrate Skull.\"\nXII. On the Action of Ammonia on Glyoxal. By Dr. H. Debus. Communicated by Professor Tyndall, F.R.S. ................................................................. page 205\n\nXIII. On some Physical Properties of Ice. By John Tyndall, F.R.S., Professor of Natural Philosophy in the Royal Institution of Great Britain .................................................. 211\n\nXIV. Researches on the Intimate Structure of the Brain, Human and Comparative.—First Series. On the Structure of the Medulla oblongata. By J. Lockhart Clarke, Esq., F.R.S. ........................................................................................................... 231\n\nXV. On the Megatherium (Megatherium Americanum, Cuvier and Blumenbach).—Part IV. Bones of the Anterior Extremities. By Professor Owen, V.P.R.S., Superintendent of the Natural History Departments in the British Museum. .................................................................................................................................................................................. 261\n\nXVI. On the Anatomy and Physiology of the Spongiadae. By J. S. Bowerbank, LL.D., F.R.S., F.I.S. &c. .................................................................................................................................................................................. 279\n\nXVII. On the Physical Structure of the Old Red Sandstone of the County of Waterford, considered with relation to Cleavage, Joint Surfaces, and Faults. By the Rev. Samuel Haughton, M.A., F.G.S., Fellow of Trinity College, and Professor of Geology in the University of Dublin. Communicated by Professor Tyndall, F.R.S. .................................................................................................................................................................................. 333\n\nXVIII. On the Relative Power of Metals and Alloys to conduct Heat.—Part I. By F. Crace Calvert, Esq., F.C.S., Corr. Mem. Roy. Acad. Turin, Société de Pharmacie, Paris, &c.; and Richard Johnson, Esq., F.C.S. &c. Communicated by Professor Stokes, Sec. R.S. .................................................................................................................................................................................. 349\n\nXIX. On the Thermo-electric Series. By Augustus Matthiessen, Ph.D. Communicated by Charles Wheatstone, Esq., F.R.S. .................................................................................................................................................................................. 369\n\nXX. On the Electric Conducting Power of the Metals. By Augustus Matthiessen, Ph.D. Communicated by Charles Wheatstone, Esq., F.R.S. .................................................................................................................................................................................. 383\n\nXXI. On the Resistance of Tubes to collapse. By William Fairbairn, Esq., C.E., F.R.S. &c. .................................................................................................................................................................................. 389\n\nXXII. A Fourth Memoir upon Quantics. By Arthur Cayley, Esq., F.R.S. .................................................................................................................................................................................. 415\n\nXXIII. A Fifth Memoir upon Quantics. By Arthur Cayley, Esq., F.R.S. .................................................................................................................................................................................. 429\n\nXXIV. On the Tangential of a Cubic. By Arthur Cayley, Esq., F.R.S. .................................................................................................................................................................................. 461\n\nXXV. Astronomical Experiment on the Peak of Teneriffe, carried out under the sanction of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. By Professor C. Piazzi Smyth. Communicated by G. B. Airy, Esq., Astronomer Royal .................................................................................................................................................................................. 465\n\nXXVI. On Curves of the Third Order. By the Rev. George Salmon, Trinity College, Dublin. Communicated by Arthur Cayley, Esq., F.R.S. .................................................................................................................................................................................. 535\nXXVII. On the Magnetic Induction of Crystals. By Professor Julius Plücker, of Bonn, F.M.R.S., H.M.R.I. .................................................. page 543\n\nXXVIII. On the Development of Decapod Crustacea. By C. Spence Bate, F.L.S. &c. Communicated by Sir W. Snow Harris, F.R.S. ........................................... 589\n\nXXIX. An Inquiry regarding the parts of the Nervous System which regulate the contractions of the Arteries. By Joseph Lister, Esq., F.R.C.S. Eng. and Edin., Assistant Surgeon to the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh. Communicated by Dr. Sharpey, Sec. R.S. ................................................................................................................. 607\n\nXXX. On the Cutaneous Pigmentary System of the Frog. By Joseph Lister, Esq., F.R.C.S. Eng. and Edin., Assistant Surgeon to the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh. Communicated by Dr. Sharpey, Sec. R.S. ................................................................................................................. 627\n\nXXXI. On the Early Stages of Inflammation. By Joseph Lister, Esq., F.R.C.S. Eng. and Edin., Assistant Surgeon to the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh. Communicated by Dr. Sharpey, Sec. R.S. ................................................................................................................. 645\n\nXXXII. On the Structure of Lavas which have consolidated on steep slopes; with Remarks on the Mode of Origin of Mount Etna, and on the Theory of \"Craters of Elevation.\" By Sir Charles Lyell, F.R.S., D.C.L. ................................................................................................................. 703\n\nXXXIII. Note on Archdeacon Pratt's Paper \"On the Effect of Local Attraction in the English Arc.\" By Captain A. R. Clarke, R.E. Communicated by Lieut.-Colonel James, R.E. ................................................................................................................. 787\n\nXXXIV. On the Organization of the Brachiopoda. By Albany Hancock, Esq. Communicated by T. H. Huxley, Esq., F.R.S. ................................................................................................................. 791\n\nXXXV. On Chondrosteus, an Extinct Genus of the Sturionidae, found in the Liass Formation at Lyme Regis. By Sir Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton, Bart., M.P., F.R.S., F.G.S. &c. ................................................................................................................. 871\n\nXXXVI. On the Influence of Temperature on the Refraction of Light. By the Rev. T. P. Dale, M.A., F.R.A.S., and Dr. J. H. Gladstone, F.R.S. ................................................................................................................. 887\n\nXXXVII. On the Structure and Functions of the Hairs of the Crustacea. By Campbell De Morgan, Surgeon to the Middlesex Hospital. Communicated by George Busk, Esq. ................................................................................................................. 895\n\nIndex ................................................................................................................. 905\n\nAPPENDIX.\n\nPresents ........................................................................................................... [ 1 ]\nLIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.\n\nPlate I.—Mr. Gassiot on the Stratifications and Dark Band in Electrical Discharges as observed in Torricellian Vacua.\n\nPlates II. III. IV. V.—Mr. Horner on the Alluvial Land of Egypt.\n\nPlates VI. VII. VIII.—Dr. T. Williams's Researches on the Structure and Homology of the Reproductive Organs of the Annelids.\n\nPlates IX. X. XI.—Professor Owen on the Skull and Teeth of the Placodus laticeps.\n\nPlates XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII.—Mr. J. Lockhart Clarke on the Intimate Structure of the Brain, Human and Comparative.\n\nPlates XVIII. XIX. XX. XXI. XXII.—Professor Owen on the Megatherium.\n\nPlates XXIII. XXIV. XXV. XXVI.—Dr. J. S. Bowerbank on the Anatomy and Physiology of the Spongiadæ.\n\nPlate XXVII.—Mr. Crace Calvert and Mr. R. Johnson on the Relative Power of Metals and Alloys to conduct Heat.\n\nPlates XXVIII. XXIX.—Mr. Fairbairn on the Resistance of Tubes to collapse.\n\nPlates XXX. XXXI. XXXII. XXXIII. XXXIV. XXXV. XXXVI. XXXVII. XXXVIII. XXXIX.—The Admiralty Astronomical Experiment on the Peak of Teneriffe.\n\nPlates XL. XLI. XLII. XLIII. XLIV. XLV. XLVI.—Mr. C. Spence Bate on the Development of Decapod Crustacea.\n\nPlates XLVII. XLVIII.—Mr. J. Lister on the Cutaneous Pigmentary System of the Frog.\n\nPlates XLIX. L. LI.—Sir Charles Lyell on the Structure of Lavas which have consolidated on steep slopes.\n\nPlates LII. LIII. LIV. LV. LVI. LVII. LVIII. LIX. LX. LXI. LXII. LXIII. LXIV. LXV. LXVI.—Mr. Hancock on the Organization of the Brachiopoda.\n\nPlates LXVII. LXVIII. LXIX. LXX.—Sir P. G. Egerton on Chondrosteus, an Extinct Genus of the Sturionidæ.\n\nPlate LXXI.—Mr. C. 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