ARACHNIDES.

Mygale arvicolaris

Illustration of the spider Mygale arvicolaris, a large, robust spider with a dark, oval-shaped body and long, segmented legs.

Mygale Blenda

Illustration of the spider Mygale Blenda, a large, robust spider with a dark, oval-shaped body and long, segmented legs.

Eyes of Mygale magnificat

Illustration of the eyes of Mygale magnificat, showing a cluster of small, circular lenses.

Mygale montana

Illustration of the spider Mygale montana, a small, robust spider with a dark, oval-shaped body and long, segmented legs.

Systola thomsoni

Illustration of the spider Systola thomsoni, a small, robust spider with a dark, oval-shaped body and long, segmented legs.

Dysdera syriaca

Illustration of the spider Dysdera syriaca, a small, robust spider with a dark, oval-shaped body and long, segmented legs.

Atypus seductus

Illustration of the spider Atypus seductus, a small, robust spider with a dark, oval-shaped body and long, segmented legs.

Episus liliacea

Illustration of the spider Episus liliacea, a small, robust spider with a dark, oval-shaped body and long, segmented legs.

Episus cervicatus

Illustration of the spider Episus cervicatus, a large, robust spider with a dark, oval-shaped body and long, segmented legs.

Scorpio alce

Illustration of the scorpion Scorpio alce, a large scorpion with a long, segmented tail and large, curved pincers.

Lycosa tarentula

Illustration of the spider Lycosa tarentula, a large, robust spider with a dark, oval-shaped body and long, segmented legs.

Scorpio scottianus

Illustration of the scorpion Scorpio scottianus, a small scorpion with a long, segmented tail and large, curved pincers.

Scorpio laniator

Illustration of the scorpion Scorpio laniator, a small scorpion with a long, segmented tail and large, curved pincers.

Thelyphonius scutator

Illustration of the scorpion Thelyphonius scutator, a small scorpion with a long, segmented tail and large, curved pincers.

Pterynas lunatus

Illustration of the scorpion Pterynas lunatus, a large scorpion with a long, segmented tail and large, curved pincers.

Pterynas testaceus

Illustration of the scorpion Pterynas testaceus, a large scorpion with a long, segmented tail and large, curved pincers.
A blank, aged, cream-colored page with numerous brown spots and stains, likely foxing or water damage.This image shows a single, blank page of aged paper. The paper has a warm, cream-colored tone and a slightly textured surface. It is covered with numerous small, irregular brown spots and stains, which are characteristic of foxing or water damage over time. These spots are more concentrated in the upper half of the page and are scattered across the rest of the surface. There is no text, handwriting, or printed content on the page. The right edge of the page shows a slight vertical line, possibly indicating the binding or the edge of the paper.
Illustration of a large arachnid, likely a wolf spider, shown in dorsal view.
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Symphia fuscipes
Large central illustration of a wolf spider with a detailed anatomical diagram showing the cephalothorax and abdomen segments.
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Araneus natrix
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Allopius rufus
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Large central illustration of a wolf spider with a detailed anatomical diagram showing the cephalothorax and abdomen segments.
Luscinia aculeata
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Araneus palustris
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Rhizosus lineatus
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Araneus parvulus
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Larides melanocephalus
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Illustration of a large arachnid, possibly a wolf spider.
Araneus praedictus
Hydrobius crassus
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Macropilis
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Araneus atrator
Macropilis
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Agabus testaceus
Agabus arcuatus
Araneus praedictus
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Hydrobius pygmaeus
Illustration of a small arachnid, possibly a mite or a small spider.
Illustration of a large arachnid, possibly a wolf spider.
Galthea areolata
Illustration of Galthea areolata, a large, hairy arachnid with a prominent cephalothorax and abdomen, shown in dorsal view.
Acarus sine
Illustration of two specimens of Acarus sine, small, oval-shaped mites with long hairs on their legs, shown in dorsal view.
Tremblinae tinctorum
Illustration of Tremblinae tinctorum, a small, dark, oval mite with long hairs on its legs, shown in dorsal view.
Symphon ginepae
Large central illustration of Symphon ginepae, a very large, complex arachnid with many long, jointed legs and a highly detailed cephalothorax, shown in dorsal view.
Galthea areolata
Illustration of Galthea areolata, a large, hairy arachnid with a prominent cephalothorax and abdomen, shown in dorsal view.
Sten rubens
Illustration of Sten rubens, a small, oval mite with long hairs on its legs, shown in dorsal view.
Acanthosus areolatus
Illustration of Acanthosus areolatus, a large, complex arachnid with many long, jointed legs and a highly detailed cephalothorax, shown in dorsal view.
Illustration of a small, oval mite with long hairs on its legs, shown in dorsal view.
Illustration of a small, oval mite with long hairs on its legs, shown in dorsal view.
Acarus rubens
Illustration of a small, oval mite with long hairs on its legs, shown in dorsal view.
Illustration of a small, oval mite with long hairs on its legs, shown in dorsal view.
gigas
Illustration of Hyalomma marginatum, a large, complex arachnid with many long, jointed legs and a highly detailed cephalothorax, shown in dorsal view.
Hyalomma marginatum
Illustration of a small, oval mite with long hairs on its legs, shown in dorsal view.
Bailla longicornis
Illustration of a small, oval mite with long hairs on its legs, shown in dorsal view.
Stenaria pectoris
Illustration of a small, oval mite with long hairs on its legs, shown in dorsal view.
Larvae rubens
Illustration of a small, oval mite with long hairs on its legs, shown in dorsal view.
Illustration of a small, oval mite with long hairs on its legs, shown in dorsal view.
Acarus pectoris
Hydrochus cruenta
Illustration of a very small, oval mite with long hairs on its legs, shown in dorsal view.
Illustration of a small, oval mite with long hairs on its legs, shown in dorsal view.
magnitudo
Erythraeus extendens
Illustration of a very small, oval mite with long hairs on its legs, shown in dorsal view.
Illustration of a small, oval mite with long hairs on its legs, shown in dorsal view.
magnitudo
Illustration of a small, oval mite with long hairs on its legs, shown in dorsal view.
Acarus reflexus
Leptus autumnalis
Illustration of Leptus autumnalis, a large, complex arachnid with many long, jointed legs and a highly detailed cephalothorax, shown in dorsal view.
Asteria parasitica
Illustration of Asteria parasitica, a small, oval mite with long hairs on its legs, shown in dorsal view.
Hydrochus geographicus
Illustration of two specimens of Hydrochus geographicus, small, oval mites with long hairs on their legs, shown in dorsal view.
A blank, aged, cream-colored page with visible water stains and discoloration.This image shows a blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf from an old book. The paper has a slightly textured appearance and shows signs of wear, including several brownish water stains and some minor discoloration. There is no text or other markings on the page.
Figures 1-5: Architectural sections of arches.

Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5.

Architectural sections of arches, showing the internal structure and support. Fig. 1 shows a simple arch. Fig. 2 shows a double-headed arch. Fig. 3 shows a pointed arch. Fig. 4 shows a pointed arch with a different support. Fig. 5 shows a pointed arch with a different support.

Fig. 7.
Fig. 6: Architectural section of a pointed arch.

Fig. 6.

Architectural section of a pointed arch, showing the internal structure and support. The arch is pointed and has a thick base.

Fig. 7: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 7.

Geometric construction of an arch, showing the internal structure and support. The arch is pointed and has a thick base.

Fig. 8: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 8.

Geometric construction of an arch, showing the internal structure and support. The arch is pointed and has a thick base.

Fig. 9.
Fig. 9: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 9.

Geometric construction of an arch, showing the internal structure and support. The arch is pointed and has a thick base.

Fig. 10: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 10.

Geometric construction of an arch, showing the internal structure and support. The arch is pointed and has a thick base.

Fig. 11.
Fig. 11: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 11.

Geometric construction of an arch, showing the internal structure and support. The arch is pointed and has a thick base.

Fig. 12.
Fig. 12: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 12.

Geometric construction of an arch, showing the internal structure and support. The arch is pointed and has a thick base.

Fig. 13.
Fig. 13: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 13.

Geometric construction of an arch, showing the internal structure and support. The arch is pointed and has a thick base.

Fig. 14.
Fig. 14: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 14.

Geometric construction of an arch, showing the internal structure and support. The arch is pointed and has a thick base.

Fig. 15.
Fig. 15: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 15.

Geometric construction of an arch, showing the internal structure and support. The arch is pointed and has a thick base.

A blank, aged page with visible water damage and discoloration.This image shows a blank, aged page with a light beige or cream color. The surface is marked by several irregular, brownish-yellow stains, likely due to water damage or foxing. These stains are scattered across the page, with a notable cluster in the upper right and another in the lower left. The texture of the paper appears slightly grainy. On the far right edge, there is a sliver of another page visible, showing some faint, illegible markings.
Figures 1-5: Architectural drawings of various arches and vaults.

Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5.

Figures 1 through 5 show various architectural structures, including arches and vaults, drawn in a perspective view. Fig. 1 shows a series of pointed arches. Fig. 2 shows a series of pointed arches with a different configuration. Fig. 3 shows a series of pointed arches with a different configuration. Fig. 4 shows a series of pointed arches with a different configuration. Fig. 5 shows a series of pointed arches with a different configuration.

Fig. 7.
Fig. 7: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 7. A geometric construction of an arch, showing the relationship between the arch and its base. The arch is represented by a curve, and the base is a horizontal line. The construction involves a series of points and lines, including a vertical line and a horizontal line, and a series of points labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 8.
Fig. 8: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 8. A geometric construction of an arch, showing the relationship between the arch and its base. The arch is represented by a curve, and the base is a horizontal line. The construction involves a series of points and lines, including a vertical line and a horizontal line, and a series of points labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 6.
Fig. 6: Architectural drawing of an arch.

Fig. 6. An architectural drawing of an arch, showing the relationship between the arch and its base. The arch is represented by a curve, and the base is a horizontal line. The construction involves a series of points and lines, including a vertical line and a horizontal line, and a series of points labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 9.
Fig. 9: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 9. A geometric construction of an arch, showing the relationship between the arch and its base. The arch is represented by a curve, and the base is a horizontal line. The construction involves a series of points and lines, including a vertical line and a horizontal line, and a series of points labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 10.
Fig. 10: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 10. A geometric construction of an arch, showing the relationship between the arch and its base. The arch is represented by a curve, and the base is a horizontal line. The construction involves a series of points and lines, including a vertical line and a horizontal line, and a series of points labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 11.
Fig. 11: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 11. A geometric construction of an arch, showing the relationship between the arch and its base. The arch is represented by a curve, and the base is a horizontal line. The construction involves a series of points and lines, including a vertical line and a horizontal line, and a series of points labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 12.
Fig. 12: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 12. A geometric construction of an arch, showing the relationship between the arch and its base. The arch is represented by a curve, and the base is a horizontal line. The construction involves a series of points and lines, including a vertical line and a horizontal line, and a series of points labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 13.
Fig. 13: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 13. A geometric construction of an arch, showing the relationship between the arch and its base. The arch is represented by a curve, and the base is a horizontal line. The construction involves a series of points and lines, including a vertical line and a horizontal line, and a series of points labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 14.
Fig. 14: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 14. A geometric construction of an arch, showing the relationship between the arch and its base. The arch is represented by a curve, and the base is a horizontal line. The construction involves a series of points and lines, including a vertical line and a horizontal line, and a series of points labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Fig. 15.
Fig. 15: Geometric construction of an arch.

Fig. 15. A geometric construction of an arch, showing the relationship between the arch and its base. The arch is represented by a curve, and the base is a horizontal line. The construction involves a series of points and lines, including a vertical line and a horizontal line, and a series of points labeled A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

A blank, aged, cream-colored page with visible foxing and stains. The right edge shows a sliver of the adjacent page with faint vertical lines and text fragments.This image shows a blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf from an old book. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with visible foxing (small brown spots) and larger, faint stains, particularly near the top and bottom edges. On the far right edge, a sliver of the adjacent page is visible, showing faint vertical lines and some illegible text fragments, possibly from a table or a list. The overall tone is warm and yellowish, characteristic of old paper.
Fig. 1. Architectural drawing of a vaulted ceiling with a central recessed area and a smaller arch on the right. The drawing shows the arrangement of bricks and structural supports with various labels.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2. A detailed geometric construction of an arch, showing the use of a series of arcs to define the curve. It includes a vertical axis and various points labeled with letters.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 4. A perspective view of a vaulted ceiling structure, showing the arrangement of ribs and the supporting piers.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 3. A cross-section of a vaulted ceiling, showing the internal structure and the arrangement of bricks.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. A vertical section of a wall or pier, showing its thickness and the arrangement of bricks.
Fig. 6. A plan view of a semi-circular arch, showing the arrangement of bricks and the supporting wall.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. A perspective view of a vaulted ceiling, showing the arrangement of bricks and the supporting wall.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. A plan view of a semi-circular arch, showing the arrangement of bricks and the supporting wall.
Fig. 9. A perspective view of a vaulted ceiling, showing the arrangement of bricks and the supporting wall.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 10.
Fig. 10. A geometric construction of an arch, showing the use of a series of arcs to define the curve. It includes a vertical axis and various points labeled with letters.
A blank, aged page with significant water damage and staining.This image shows a single, blank page of aged paper. The paper has a warm, yellowish-beige tone, characteristic of old documents. It is heavily marked by numerous brown and tan stains, which appear to be water damage or foxing. These stains are scattered across the entire surface, with some larger, irregular patches and many smaller spots. The right edge of the page shows a slight vertical crease or fold, and a sliver of a darker, patterned material is visible on the far right, possibly the binding or an adjacent page. There is no text, handwriting, or printed content on the page.