DRAWING.

PLATE CCXVII.

SPECIMENS OF LANDSCAPE SKETCHING BY CLAUDE.

A black and white engraving of a coastal landscape. In the foreground, a small boat with two figures is on the water. To the right, a rocky cliff face is partially covered with trees. A figure stands on a rock in the water, looking towards the boat. The background shows a distant shoreline with hills and a cloudy sky.
A black and white engraving of a river landscape. In the foreground, a shepherd leads a flock of sheep along a path. Large, leafy trees frame the scene on the left and right. In the middle ground, a bridge spans the river, and a small building is visible on the left bank. The background features rolling hills under a hazy sky.
A blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including faint smudges and discoloration. The right edge features a vertical strip of binding material, possibly leather or cloth, with some visible stitching or thread.
Fig. 1.
A detailed pencil drawing of a rural landscape. In the foreground, a small house with a gabled roof is nestled among trees. A large, leafy tree dominates the left side of the composition. In the middle ground, a horse and a person are visible near a fence. The background features rolling hills and a sky filled with soft, textured clouds.

Drawn by J. H. A. & Co.

(Outline)
Fig. 2.
A pencil drawing of a rural landscape, similar to Fig. 1 but with more defined shading. The house, trees, and horse are clearly visible. The sky has more defined cloud shapes, and the overall composition is more balanced.
First Perspective.
Fig. 3.
A pencil drawing of a rural landscape, similar to Fig. 1 but with more defined shading. The house, trees, and horse are clearly visible. The sky has more defined cloud shapes, and the overall composition is more balanced.
Second Perspective.
Fig. 4.
A pencil drawing of a rural landscape, similar to Fig. 1 but with more defined shading. The house, trees, and horse are clearly visible. The sky has more defined cloud shapes, and the overall composition is more balanced.
Finished Landscape.
Fig. 3. End Elevation of Dyeing Machine. A detailed technical drawing showing the side profile of a large industrial machine. It features a large, curved, segmented wheel on the left, connected by a belt and pulley system to a smaller gear mechanism. The entire assembly is mounted on a sturdy, multi-legged metal frame.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 1.
Section of Liquor Tub.

Fig. 1. Section of Liquor Tub. A cross-sectional diagram of a rectangular tub. It shows a series of vertical internal partitions or baffles that divide the interior space into several compartments. A horizontal rod or handle is visible at the top, passing through the partitions.

Fig. 2.
Plan of Liquor Tub.

Fig. 2. Plan of Liquor Tub. A top-down circular view of the liquor tub. It is divided into six equal sectors by radial lines, suggesting a segmented or rotating structure. The outer rim is thick and appears to be made of metal.

Fig. 5.
Plan of Dyeing Machine.

Fig. 5. Plan of Dyeing Machine. A top-down view of the entire dyeing machine. It shows a rectangular frame with a series of vertical rollers or bars in the center. A large gear is visible at the top, connected to a horizontal shaft. The machine is supported by a sturdy base with wheels.

Fig. 4.
Front Elevation of Dyeing Machine.

Fig. 4. Front Elevation of Dyeing Machine. A front-facing view of the dyeing machine. It shows the vertical arrangement of the rollers and the gear mechanism at the top. The machine is mounted on a four-legged frame with casters.

Fig. 6.
Elevation of Dyeing Box.

Fig. 6. Elevation of Dyeing Box. A detailed technical drawing of a large, rectangular industrial machine. It features a long horizontal top section with a series of vertical bars or slats. Below this is a main body with three large, vertically stacked rectangular panels, each containing a decorative, scalloped border. A large, curved pipe or hose is attached to the bottom left side, leading to a complex assembly of valves and fittings.

Fig. 7.
Plan of Dyeing Box.

Fig. 7. Plan of Dyeing Box. A top-down technical drawing of the dyeing box. It shows a rectangular frame with a central horizontal roller or bar. The interior is divided into several vertical compartments or sections by a series of parallel lines. A small pipe or outlet is visible on the right side of the frame.

Section of Clearing Boiler.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 8. Section of Clearing Boiler. A cross-sectional technical drawing of a boiler. It shows a large, horizontal cylindrical body with a thick, curved pipe extending from the right side. The boiler is mounted on a base with a series of vertical supports or legs. The top of the boiler is shown with a small opening or vent.

Fig. 9.
Elevation of Clearing Boiler.

Fig. 9. Elevation of Clearing Boiler. A side-view technical drawing of the boiler. It shows a large, horizontal cylindrical body with a thick, curved pipe extending from the right side. The boiler is mounted on a base with a series of vertical supports or legs. The top of the boiler is shown with a small opening or vent.
Fig. 10. Plan of Boiler Top. A top-down technical drawing of the boiler's top cover. It shows a circular opening with a small pipe or outlet on the right side. The cover is secured with several bolts or rivets around its perimeter.

Fig. 10.

Fig. 11. Plan of Cover. A top-down technical drawing of the boiler's top cover. It shows a circular opening with a small pipe or outlet on the right side. The cover is secured with several bolts or rivets around its perimeter.

Fig. 11.

A blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including faint smudges and discoloration, particularly along the right edge.This image shows a blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf from an old book. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with some minor discoloration and faint smudges, particularly along the right edge. There is no text or other markings on the page.
A blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including faint smudges and discoloration, particularly along the left edge.This image shows a blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf from an old book. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with some minor discoloration and faint smudges, particularly along the left edge. There is no text or other markings on the page.

EGYPT
AND
ARABIA PETREEA

BY EL MARVEL
OF WESTERN OASIS

WERN KUNZGEGH OF GREAT OASIS

THE RUINS OF PETRA

THE PYRAMIDS OF CHUZEM

THE RUINS
OF THEBES

Four detailed inset maps showing geographical features and archaeological sites. Top-left: 'THE RUINS OF PETRA' showing a complex of ancient stone structures. Top-right: 'THE PYRAMIDS OF CHUZEM' showing a pyramid with surrounding terrain. Bottom-left: 'THE RUINS OF THEBES' showing the Nile river and various ruins. Bottom-right: A small map of the Nile delta area with labels for 'Thebes', 'Alexandria', and 'Cairo'.
Main map of Egypt and Arabia Petraea. The map shows the Nile river flowing from the south to the north, with numerous cities and towns labeled along its course. Key locations include Cairo, Alexandria, Thebes, and various oases. The Red Sea is to the east, and the Mediterranean Sea is to the west. The map includes a coordinate grid with latitude and longitude lines. A legend in the bottom right corner explains the symbols used for different types of terrain and features.

Key to Symbols:
- Area of Desert
- Point of Land
- Lake or Pool
- Mountain
- River
- Canal
- Road
- Pass
- Cave
- Place
- Fortification or Watercourse

A detailed historical map of the Bahari Region in Egypt, showing the Nile River, the Red Sea, and various settlements and geographical features. The map is oriented with North at the top. Major labels include 'MEDITERRANEAN SEA' along the top edge, 'BAHARI REGION' in the center, and 'NILE' along the bottom edge. The Nile River is depicted with its branches, including the 'Bahr El Bahig' and 'Bahr El Ghazal'. Settlements like 'Alexandria', 'Cairo', and 'Suez' are marked. The map also shows the 'Great Pyramids of Giza' and other landmarks. A grid of latitude and longitude lines is overlaid. A scale bar is visible on the left side, and a north arrow is in the bottom left corner.

The map is a detailed historical representation of the Bahari Region in Egypt, showing the Nile River, the Red Sea, and various settlements and geographical features. The map is oriented with North at the top. Major labels include 'MEDITERRANEAN SEA' along the top edge, 'BAHARI REGION' in the center, and 'NILE' along the bottom edge. The Nile River is depicted with its branches, including the 'Bahr El Bahig' and 'Bahr El Ghazal'. Settlements like 'Alexandria', 'Cairo', and 'Suez' are marked. The map also shows the 'Great Pyramids of Giza' and other landmarks. A grid of latitude and longitude lines is overlaid. A scale bar is visible on the left side, and a north arrow is in the bottom left corner.

Map Labels and Features:

  • Top Edge: MEDITERRANEAN SEA
  • Right Edge: 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 (Longitude)
  • Left Edge: 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 (Latitude)
  • Center: BAHARI REGION
  • Bottom Edge: NILE, ALEXANDRIA, CAIRO, SUZ, PERSIAN GULF
  • Major Rivers: Nile, Bahr El Bahig, Bahr El Ghazal
  • Landmarks: Great Pyramids of Giza, Sphinx, Rosetta, Memphis
  • Settlements: Alexandria, Cairo, Suez, Port Said, Port Fuad, Port Tiberias, Port Mahara
  • Geographical Features: Desert, Canals, Lakes, Mountains

Text Block (Top Left):

Great Pyramids of Giza.
The distance between Cairo & the
20th degree, which is about 30 M.
above the confluence, and in the
city below the valley, will make
with Cairo, 11 M. 45 S. distance
between the 20th degree and
above the city below. The number
of miles, which is the number of
miles, which is the number of
everywhere more which are provided
with, corresponds to the 20th
distance. The pyramid measures
about 32 hours.

Scale Bar (Bottom Left):

Geographical Miles, 40 M. at Degrees
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Faint architectural drawing of a building with a central tower and arched entrance.A faint architectural drawing of a building, possibly a temple or a large hall. The structure features a prominent central tower with a tiered roof. To the left of the tower, there are two smaller, circular structures, possibly stupas or smaller pavilions. In the foreground, there is a large, arched entrance or doorway. The drawing is very light and appears to be a sketch or a faded print. The overall style is classical, with clear lines and geometric shapes.
Fig. 1. A large mechanical device with a large wheel and a hand crank, labeled with letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, W.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2. A vertical apparatus with a hand crank and various components labeled with letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, M, N, W.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 4. A small mechanical device with several pendulums hanging from a central point, labeled with letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 3. A large mechanical device with a large wheel and a hand crank, labeled with letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, W.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 5. A small mechanical device with a hand crank and several components labeled with letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6. A large mechanical device with a large wheel and a hand crank, labeled with letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, W.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7. A mechanical device with a hand crank and several components labeled with letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, M, N, W.

Fig. 7.

Faint architectural drawing of a building facade.A faint architectural sketch of a building facade, possibly a classical structure, showing a central entrance and symmetrical windows.
Faint architectural drawing of a building facade.A faint architectural sketch of a building facade, similar to the one on the left, showing a central entrance and symmetrical windows.
Faint architectural drawing of a building facade.A faint architectural sketch of a building facade, showing a central entrance and symmetrical windows.
Faint architectural drawing of a building facade.A faint architectural sketch of a building facade, showing a central entrance and symmetrical windows.
Faint architectural drawing of a building facade.A faint architectural sketch of a building facade, showing a central entrance and symmetrical windows.
Faint architectural drawing of a building facade.A faint architectural sketch of a building facade, showing a central entrance and symmetrical windows.
Faint architectural drawing of a building facade.A faint architectural sketch of a building facade, showing a central entrance and symmetrical windows.
Faint architectural drawing of a building facade.A faint architectural sketch of a building facade, showing a central entrance and symmetrical windows.
Faint architectural drawing of a building facade.A faint architectural sketch of a building facade, showing a central entrance and symmetrical windows.
Figures 6, 7, and 8 showing electrical spheres and their connections.

Fig. 6. Nat. Pos.

Fig. 7. Neg. Nat.

Fig. 8. Neg. Pos.

Fig. 1. A large mechanical apparatus for generating electricity, featuring a hand-cranked wheel (W), a large disk (A), and various electrical terminals (B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P).

Fig. 1.

Figures 9, 10, and 11 showing electrical rods and their connections.

Fig. 9. Pos. Nat.

Fig. 10. Nat. Neg.

Fig. 11. Pos. Neg.

Fig. 4. A small mechanical component, possibly a connector or switch.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 15. A vertical apparatus with multiple rods and a central sphere, likely an electroscope or similar device.

Fig. 15.

Fig. 13.

Fig. 2. A circular apparatus with a hand-cranked wheel (W) and various electrical terminals (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, V, X).

Fig. 2.

Fig. 5. A small mechanical component, similar to Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 12. A spherical apparatus with a central rod and a wavy line, possibly representing a lightning rod or similar device.

Fig. 12.

Fig. 16. A cylindrical apparatus with a decorative pattern and a central rod with a sphere at the top.

Fig. 16.

Fig. 14.

Fig. 14. A rectangular apparatus with a grid-like pattern and a central rod.

Fig. 14.

Fig. 3. A horizontal apparatus with various electrical terminals and a central rod.

Fig. 3.

A faint, large-scale illustration of a classical architectural structure, possibly a temple or monument, with multiple columns and a central dome or pediment. The drawing is very light and appears to be a watermark or a faded print on aged paper.A large, faint architectural drawing is centered on the page. It depicts a classical structure, possibly a temple or a monumental building. The drawing features a central dome or pediment supported by several columns. The style is reminiscent of classical architectural plans or elevations. The drawing is very light and appears to be a watermark or a faded print on aged paper. The overall composition is symmetrical and formal.
Plate CCXIV illustrating various electrical apparatus and experiments, including Leyden jars, electrostatic generators, and induction coils.

This plate contains 16 figures illustrating various electrical apparatus and experiments:

  • Fig. 1: A large electrostatic generator consisting of a tall vertical rod (G) mounted on a cylindrical base (C). The rod is connected to a metal cap (M, N) and a terminal (R). A glass cylinder (A, B) surrounds the base, containing a metal plate (D) and a suspended metal ball (e).
  • Fig. 2: A horizontal rod (A, C) with a small sphere (B) at one end.
  • Fig. 3: A mechanical apparatus with a horizontal arm (A, B) mounted on a vertical stand (C). It includes a pulley (D) and a small sphere (e).
  • Fig. 4: A circular plate (S) with a central point (A) and four radial lines (L, B, C, L).
  • Fig. 5: A horizontal rod (A, B) with a central terminal (C) and a vertical wire (D, F).
  • Fig. 6: A vertical rod (B, C) with a horizontal arm (A, N) and a small sphere (e).
  • Fig. 7: A horizontal rod (A, N) with a central terminal (C).
  • Fig. 8: A Leyden jar with a central terminal (A) and a side terminal (B).
  • Fig. 9: A Leyden jar on a stand (B) with a central terminal (A) and several radial wires (m, p, r, s).
  • Fig. 10: A Leyden jar on a stand (D) with a central terminal (C) and a horizontal arm (H, S, M).
  • Fig. 11: A Leyden jar on a stand (B) with a central terminal (A) and a horizontal arm (C, D).
  • Fig. 12: A diagram showing a base with two vertical supports (M, N) and a horizontal arm (O, P) with points a, b, c, d.
  • Fig. 13: Two Leyden jars on stands (A, B).
  • Fig. 14: Two Leyden jars on stands (A, B) with terminals (M, N, O, P).
  • Fig. 15: Two Leyden jars on stands (A, B) with terminals (M, N, O, P).
  • Fig. 16: A complex geometric diagram showing a circle with points A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z and various lines connecting them.
Faint technical drawings of mechanical components, possibly a pump or engine, with various parts labeled with letters A through Z.

The image contains several faint technical drawings of mechanical components, likely from a patent or technical manual. The drawings are arranged in a grid-like fashion. In the upper left, there is a large, complex assembly with various parts labeled with letters. In the upper right, there is a smaller, more compact assembly. In the lower left, there is a cylindrical component with a valve or handle. In the lower right, there is a larger, more complex assembly with multiple parts labeled. The drawings are very faint and appear to be bleed-through from the reverse side of the page.

Fig. 1.

A horizontal rod AB mounted on a stand, with points C, E, F, and D marked along its length. Several small spheres are suspended from the rod by thin threads.

Nat.

A horizontal rod labeled 'Nat.' with a small sphere M suspended from its left end.

Fig. 2.

A horizontal rod AB with a point E marked. A small sphere M is suspended from its right end. Two other spheres are suspended from the rod near point E.

Fig. 3.

A horizontal rod with points G, A, D, C, and B marked. A vertical cylinder is suspended from point D.

Fig. 5.

A horizontal rod AB mounted on a stand, with points h, k, f, a, and m marked. Two spheres are suspended from the rod by threads.

Fig. 4.

A horizontal rod AB with a point C marked. A vertical rod is suspended from point C, resting on a base.

Fig. 6.

A geometric diagram of a hexagonal prism with vertices labeled V and R.

Fig. 7.

A geometric diagram of a rectangular prism with vertices labeled R.

Fig. 9.

A geometric diagram of a truncated octahedron with a vertex labeled s.
Fig. 8.
A geometric diagram of a truncated octahedron with vertices labeled A and B.

Fig. 10.

A geometric diagram of a truncated octahedron with vertices labeled R.

Fig. 11.

A diagram of a cylindrical container with a dome-shaped top. Labels include a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z.

Fig. 12.

A diagram of a cylindrical container with a vertical rod passing through it. Labels include a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z.
Faint pencil sketches of architectural or mechanical components, including a central vertical structure and various smaller parts.The image contains several faint pencil sketches on a light-colored page. At the top, there are two horizontal rectangular outlines. Below these, a large, central vertical structure is sketched, featuring a long, narrow body with various internal lines and a flared base. To the left of this central structure, there are several smaller, less distinct sketches, including what appears to be a trapezoidal shape and some vertical lines. To the right, there are more complex sketches, including a circular or oval shape with internal lines and some vertical elements. The overall impression is that of a technical drawing or a preliminary design study, possibly for a mechanical or architectural project. The sketches are very light and appear to be bleed-through from the reverse side of the page.
TORPEDO.
Fig. 1.
Anatomical diagram of a Torpedo (electric eel) showing internal organs and nerves. Labels include A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.
Fig. 2.
GYMNOTUS.
Anatomical diagram of a Gymnotus (electric ray) showing internal organs and nerves. Labels include A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.
Fig. 3.
SILURUS.
Illustration of a Silurus (pike) fish.
Fig. 4.
Diagram of a simple electrical circuit with two horizontal wires connected by a vertical wire. Labels include A, B, C, W, X.
Fig. 5.
Diagram of a cylindrical electrical apparatus with a glass tube, a metal cap, and a base. Labels include A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.
Fig. 6.
Diagram of a U-shaped glass tube connected to two beakers of liquid. Label A points to the tube.
Fig. 8.
Diagram of a U-shaped glass tube with a bulb in the middle. Labels include A, B, C, D, E.
Fig. 7.
Diagram of a glass tube submerged in a beaker of liquid. Labels include A, B, C.
Fig. 10.
Diagram of a circular coil of wire. Labels include A, B.
Fig. 11.
Diagram of a long, thin coil of wire. Labels include A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.
Fig. 9.
Diagram of an electrical circuit with a battery, a wire, and a galvanometer. Labels include A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.
A blank, aged page with faint, illegible markings and a large, faint rectangular outline.This image shows a blank, aged page with a light beige or cream color. There are faint, illegible markings and a large, faint rectangular outline that appear to be bleed-through from the reverse side of the paper. The markings include some horizontal lines and what might be the faint outlines of text or diagrams. The overall texture of the paper is slightly grainy, and there are some minor spots or discolorations consistent with age.
Plate CCXVII illustrating various electrical apparatus and experiments, including Leyden jars, induction coils, and electrostatic generators.

This plate contains 16 figures illustrating various electrical apparatus and experiments:

  • Fig. 1. A Leyden jar with a glass tube (C) on top, a metal sphere (B) on the side, and a base (A, D).
  • Fig. 2. A circular induction coil with a central core (M) and terminals (a, b, c, d).
  • Fig. 3. Two circular induction coils, one above the other, with various terminals (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t).
  • Fig. 4. A small diagram showing a vertical rod (d) with a terminal (e) and a horizontal rod (p) with a terminal (s).
  • Fig. 5. A large, complex induction coil mounted on a wooden frame, with many terminals (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z).
  • Fig. 6. A diagram showing a vertical rod (A) and a horizontal rod (B) connected to a base (D) and a wire (b).
  • Fig. 7. A diagram showing a vertical rod (A) with a terminal (G) and a horizontal rod (F) with a terminal (H).
  • Fig. 8. A triangular arrangement of three points connected by lines, with a central point and a horizontal rod.
  • Fig. 9. Two circular plates (A, B, C) with a central rod (E).
  • Fig. 10. Two circular plates (A, B, C) with a central rod (E).
  • Fig. 11. A circular plate with a central rod (E) and a smaller circular plate on top.
  • Fig. 12. A vertical rod (A) with a terminal (G) and a horizontal rod (F) with a terminal (H).
  • Fig. 13. A horizontal rod (A) with a terminal (G) and a curved line (L).
  • Fig. 14. A vertical rod (D) with a terminal (C) and a horizontal rod (B) with a terminal (A).
  • Fig. 15. A vertical rod (D) with a terminal (C) and a horizontal rod (B) with a terminal (A).
  • Fig. 16. A vertical rod (D) with a terminal (C) and a horizontal rod (B) with a terminal (A).
A blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including faint smudges and discoloration. Faint, illegible markings are visible near the top center, possibly bleed-through from the reverse side.This image shows a blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf from an old book. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with some minor discoloration and faint smudges. Near the top center, there are very faint, illegible markings that appear to be bleed-through from text on the reverse side of the page. The overall tone is warm and yellowish, characteristic of old paper.