COLLIERY.
PLATE CLAY.
Fig. 1: A geological cross-section showing the dip and rise of strata. The strata are labeled A, B, C, and D. The section is taken along the line of dip and rise, showing how the overlying strata affect the buildings. Vertical markers at the top are labeled 127, 128, 129, and 130. The strata dip to the right.
Fig. 1.

Section on the line of dip and rise, showing the general effect of the overlying strata upon the buildings.
Scale 6 feet to an inch.

Fig. 2: A detailed cross-section of a coal mine. It shows a brick wall, a worker pushing a cart, and another worker standing near a doorway labeled 'BATHING'. The strata are shown above the mine.
Fig. 2.
LONGWALL METHOD OF WORKING COAL
Fig. 1: A plan view of a longwall coal mine. It shows a series of parallel cutting roads (A) and straining roads (B). A central roadway (C) leads to a furnace and a disposal pit. A scale bar at the bottom indicates 60 yards to an inch. A legend on the right explains the symbols for direction of air, doors, straining roads, roads shut off, and pit bottom slopes.
Fig. 1.

Scale 60 yards to an inch.

A blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including faint smudges and discoloration, particularly along the left edge.This image shows a blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf from an old book. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with some minor discoloration and faint smudges, particularly along the left edge. There is no text or other markings on the page.
LIFTING PUMPS.
Fig. 2.
Diagram of lifting pumps in a colliery.

This diagram shows two lifting pumps installed in a colliery. The pumps are mounted on a horizontal platform at the surface. Each pump consists of a vertical shaft that extends down into a vertical shaftway. The shafts are connected to a common horizontal beam at the top, which is supported by a triangular frame structure. The shafts are shown with various mechanical components, including what appear to be valves or strainers, and they terminate in a central shaftway that leads down into the ground.

Detailed view of lifting pumps in a colliery shaftway.

This diagram provides a detailed view of the lifting pumps installed in a colliery shaftway. The shafts are shown extending from the surface down into the shaftway, which is lined with a material (possibly brick or stone). The shafts are equipped with various mechanical components, including valves, strainers, and a central shaftway that leads down into the ground. The shafts are shown with various mechanical components, including what appear to be valves or strainers, and they terminate in a central shaftway that leads down into the ground.

FORCING PUMPS.
Fig. 1.
Diagram of forcing pumps in a colliery shaftway.

This diagram shows forcing pumps installed in a colliery shaftway. The pumps are mounted on a horizontal platform at the surface. A vertical shaft extends from the surface down into the shaftway. The shaft is connected to a horizontal beam at the top, which is supported by a triangular frame structure. The shaft is shown with various mechanical components, including what appear to be valves or strainers, and it terminates in a central shaftway that leads down into the ground. The shaftway is lined with a material (possibly brick or stone) and has a central shaftway that leads down into the ground.

A blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including faint smudges and discoloration, particularly along the left edge and bottom.This image shows a blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf from an old book. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with some minor discoloration and faint smudges, particularly along the left edge and bottom. There is no text or other markings on the page.
Fig. 2.
A detailed plan view of a colliery layout showing a grid of rooms, shafts, and ventilation paths. The layout is symmetrical around a central vertical shaft. Rooms are arranged in a grid, with some containing hammers and others empty. Arrows indicate the direction of air currents, and symbols represent doors and hammers.

REFERENCE

  • doors
  • hammers
  • air currents
  • direction of air currents
  • building and stowing
Scale 1 inch = 60 yards.
Fig. 1.
A perspective view of a large, stepped colliery structure. The structure is a large, symmetrical pyramid made of many small rectangular blocks. A central shaft is visible at the top. The base of the structure is labeled 'Colliery Road' and 'Colliery Road'. A central area is labeled 'Main Shaft' and 'Main Shaft'. Arrows indicate the direction of air currents.

REFERENCE

  • doors
  • hammers
  • direction of air currents
A blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including faint smudges and discoloration, particularly along the left edge and bottom.This image shows a blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf from an old book. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with some minor discoloration and faint smudges, particularly along the left edge and bottom. There is no text or other markings on the page.
BORD AND PILLAR WORKING.

Showing the method of working whole, coal, and pillars at the same time.

A detailed plan view of a coal mine using the bord and pillar method. The diagram shows a grid of rectangular coal seams (bords) separated by rectangular pillars. The coal seams are labeled 'COAL' or 'COAL OR WASTE'. The pillars are labeled 'PILLAR'. A network of roads and tracks is shown, with labels for 'Main Road', 'Crossroad', 'Tunnel', 'Tunneling', 'Main Air Distribution', and 'Tunneling'. A legend in the upper left corner defines symbols for 'DIRECTION', 'direction of air current', 'air crossing', 'a. ||||| doors', 'air split', and 'sapping'. The plan shows the progression of mining from the left side towards the right, with some areas already mined and others still in progress.
A blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including faint smudges and discoloration, particularly along the right edge.This image shows a blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf from an old book. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with some minor discoloration and faint smudges, particularly along the right edge. There is no text or other markings on the page.
DROP.
Fig. 1.
Fig. 4.
Scale 1 inch = 82 feet.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 1: A cross-sectional diagram of a mine shaft showing a large wheel (C) at the top, connected by a rope to a bucket (F) that is being lowered into the shaft. The shaft is surrounded by rock layers labeled 'a' and 'b'.
Fig. 2: A cross-sectional diagram of a mine shaft showing a bucket (F) being lowered into the shaft. A large wheel (C) is at the bottom, connected by a rope to the bucket. The shaft is surrounded by rock layers labeled 'a' and 'b'.
Fig. 2.
Scale 1 inch = 6 feet
Fig. 4: A plan view diagram showing a network of underground tunnels and shafts. Arrows indicate the direction of airflow or material flow. The tunnels are labeled with letters 'a', 'b', 'c', and 'd'.
Fig. 3: A plan view diagram showing a network of underground tunnels and shafts. Arrows indicate the direction of airflow or material flow. The tunnels are labeled with letters 'a', 'b', 'c', and 'd'.
A blank page with a light beige background, showing faint, illegible ghosting of text and a large, faint rectangular outline in the center.This image shows a blank page with a light beige or cream-colored background. There is a very faint, large rectangular outline centered on the page, which appears to be a ghosting of a diagram or a frame from the reverse side. Within this faint outline, there are some extremely light, illegible shapes that could be text or other graphical elements. The overall texture of the paper is slightly grainy, and there are a few small, dark specks scattered across the surface.
AIR CROSSING.
ON AN ENLARGED SCALE.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2: A cross-sectional diagram of an air crossing. It shows a horizontal road passing through a solid coal seam. The road is supported by a curved, vaulted roof structure. Arrows indicate the direction of air flow from the road into the coal seam. A small vertical opening is shown at the base of the crossing.
A plan view diagram of an air crossing. It shows a rectangular area with a circular opening at the top and a horizontal line with arrows indicating the direction of air flow from the circle towards the bottom.
REFERENCE.
Drawing Roads Symbol for drawing roads: a line with a crossbar.
Roads cut off Symbol for roads cut off: a line with a crossbar and a small circle.
Building & Stowing Symbol for building and stowing: a solid grey rectangle.
Air split Symbol for air split: a line with a small circle and an arrow.
Brattice doors Symbol for brattice doors: a line with two short vertical bars.
R.R. air regulators Symbol for R.R. air regulators: a line with two short vertical bars.
Air crossing Symbol for air crossing: a line with a crossbar.
Solid coal Symbol for solid coal: a solid black rectangle.
PLAN OF VENTILATION.

For preventing loss of life by "Choke Damp" in cases of explosion.

Fig. 1
Fig. 1: A detailed plan view of a colliery layout. The layout is roughly triangular, with a central vertical axis. At the bottom, there is a 'downcast PIT' and an 'upcast PIT'. Above the pits is a 'FURNACE'. The layout is divided into several sections: 'rib of Coal 7 yards.' on the right, and 'North intake' and 'South intake' running vertically. The entire area is filled with a grid of lines representing brattice doors. The outer boundary is a thick, dark line representing the coal seam. At the very bottom, there is a 'WATER LODGEMENT' area with vertical lines representing water.

Scale 60 yards to an inch.

Published by A & C Black, Edinburgh, 1854.

A blank, aged page with a large, faint, triangular watermark or impression in the center.This image shows a blank, aged page with a large, faint, triangular watermark or impression in the center. The watermark is composed of several horizontal lines and a curved top, suggesting a stylized shape. The paper has a yellowish, aged appearance with some minor blemishes and a small dark spot near the bottom left.
Side view of a mechanical device, likely a coal cutter, showing its internal structure and components. The device is positioned over a shaded area labeled 'COAL SEAM'. The drawing is labeled 'SIDE VIEW' and 'FLOOR'.

Fig. 2

COAL SEAM

SIDE VIEW

FLOOR

ROOF

Stop

Plan view of the mechanical device, showing its top-down layout and gear mechanism. The drawing is labeled 'PLAN' and 'Scale'.

Fig. 3

END VIEW

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PLAN

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A blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including faint smudges and discoloration, particularly along the right edge.This image shows a blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf from an old book. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with some minor discoloration and faint smudges, particularly along the right edge. There is no text or other markings on the page.
A detailed technical drawing of a 19th-century colliery (coal mine) machinery system. The diagram shows a large horizontal shaft on the left, supported by a wooden frame. A large flywheel is mounted on this shaft. A long, angled beam is pivoted at one end and connected to the flywheel. At the other end of the beam, a cable is attached, which runs diagonally across the upper part of the image. This cable is connected to a large vertical pulley or winch mechanism on the right side. Below this pulley, there is a large cylindrical component, possibly a boiler or a large drum. To the right of the pulley, there is a complex arrangement of pipes, valves, and a large rectangular structure, likely a boiler or a storage tank. The entire system is mounted on a sturdy wooden frame. The drawing is a detailed line illustration, showing the intricate mechanical and structural components of the colliery machinery.
Faint pencil sketches of architectural structures, possibly a bridge or viaduct, and a building facade.The image contains two sets of very faint pencil sketches. The upper sketch depicts a complex structure, possibly a bridge or a viaduct, with multiple arches and supporting piers. The lower sketch shows a building facade with several windows and a central entrance. The sketches are extremely light and appear to be bleed-through from the reverse side of the page.